Q.1 Solution:
Camera Jib:
Device that’s come into wide use in the last decade is the camera jib, essentially a long, highly maneuverable boom or crane-like device with a mounted camera at the end. You frequently see them in action swinging overhead at concerts and major events. A jib allows sweeping camera movements from ground level to nine meters (thirty feet) or more in the air.
Camera Copters/ Drone Cameras
Since remotely-controlled, helicopter-type drones can move into places inaccessible by individuals or fixed-wing aircraft, they can provide coverage of events otherwise unattainable. Plus, helicopter type drones can hover above news scenes for extended periods of time. The video signal is relayed (live) to a receiver on the ground.

Q.2 Differentiate the below given camera movements while giving an example of each.
・ Dolly
・ Trucking
Answer:
We refer to moving (rolling) the entire camera toward or away from the subject as a dolly (“dolly in” for a close shot or “dolly back” for a wide-shot).
A lateral move (rolling the camera to the left or right on the pedestal) is trucking, as in “truck left” or “truck right.”

Solution:
Many directors believe that “cast right and half of your job as a director is accomplished.” The statement at best is a half-truth. In this era of star-making projects, the politics of finance as often as a director’s vision dictate casting. The rise of powerful agents and casting directors have moved the pendulum in the direction of political rather than creative casting. My comments that follow are only relevant to creative casting (let me just say that directors must continue to fight to maintain their vision of the characters in their films). Casting is the first expression of the director’s idea before production begins—all the more reason why the director at this preproduction stage must have a clear director’s idea, which, at this stage, is based on an interpretation of the script. The casting process is first and foremost about the look of an actor. Whether or not the actor physically conforms to the director’s vision of the character is less important than a checklist about the qualities, both physical and behavioral, the actor projects. I would suggest that at this first meeting between the director and an actor and the reading that will follow that the director keep a list of criteria by which to assess the actor, such as:

Professionalism Level of tension the actor brings to the situation 3. Energy Charisma
All-time hit PTV classic Drama Waris had a character of Choudhary Hashmat played by veteran acot Mehboob Alam.
Chaudhry Hashmat’, the protagonist of his famous play, Waris, who thought the common people were like trees who needed pruning to check them from rising above their apportioned height and growing to their natural stature, years before Karl Marx had stated that the source of people’s poverty was the rich man’s wealth.

Sample Solution:
Different steps have followed while preparing advertisements. Keeping in view the strategies and steps you are required to design one advertisement campaign of any Clothing Brand and In this regard, you have to answer the following mentioned questions/steps.
Briefing:
Female clothing Brand title “In Style Clothing” It is ready to wear cloths especially for the working women.
Objective:
Its main objective is to facilitate the working women and also to retain the goodwill
Research:
Provided content and information must be well researched and have novelty in it.
Target Audience:
Working women
Media Selection:
Fashion films on brands outlets and social media campaigning.
Setting the Budget
It must be highly budgeted.
Designing and Creating the Ad
In this part of question the creativity of the advertisement will be judged.
Place and Time of Ad
It also depends when the advertisement will get the more attention and audience.
Execution:
In this portion provide all that steps and details which involve in the accomplishment of this ad.

Question 1.
How human being experience sensation of pain, discuss with the help of Gate Control Theory.

Answer:
Sensation of pain:
The skin is prone to the four type of sensations include; pressure, touch, pain and temperature. These senses are essential for the survival of human beings. It has found in the researches that significant number of people everyday visits the physician or health care provider with the complaint of pain. It includes all types of pain like, migraine, heart pain, arthritis, and back pain etc. it has found that not the whole body has same pain receptors, these receptors are not distributed evenly throughout the body some areas like fingertips are more sensitive, rather others like center of the back is not.
The experience of pain is also studied in the context of salutations as well. It has found that the situation and social and cultural context of the pain also impacts on the experience of pain. The examples of differences in the perceptual differences in the pain due to social and cultural situations include; labor pain and in comparison, to this any other pain like back pain. The Gate Control Theory has also elaborated the role of situation, perception and other contexts in the experience of pain.
Gate control theory
The theory has stated that there are certain nerve receptors which leads to the certain areas of the brain, associated with pain. These receptors are activated in result of any injury or harm occurred and “gate” of the brain is opened in response to this. In this manner, we experience the sensation of pain. Additionally, theory also identifies another kind of neural receptors which, in result of stimulation, close the ‘gate’ of pain in the brain. It reduces the experience of pain. There are two ways of shutting the gate of pain in the brain. First way is that other impulses take over to the extend that brain get distracted and that certain pain sensation does not remain to the attention of the individual anymore and these gates are shutdown. The alternative stimulus can be non-painful like rubbing the skin around the pain, or it could be painful as well like scratching in the result of itching which gives relief from itching but scratching itself is categorized as a form of pain.
The second factor which is attributed as cause the gate of pain to be shutdown includes psychological factors. There are three psychological factors which impacts the pain or close the gate of pain receptors; current emotions, previous experiences, and interpretation of the event by the individual. During the experience of these three psychological factors, brain may close the gate of pain by sending the message to the injured area through spinal cord. It causes reduction or relief from the pain. The example of such situation includes; soldiers do not feel pain when they fighting for a major and big cause.

Question 2.
What are the cultural differences in the experience of pain? Logically discuss with reference to Eastern & Western culture.
Answer:
Cultural differences in pain
The gate-control theory explains the cultural difference as well in the experience of pain. The same psychological factors play the role in the cultural context as well. It has seen that many

culturally acceptable and especially sacred practices, involves pain but have high moral values behind it, minimize the pain of people. There are many examples in this regard in the various cultures like acupuncture prevails in the Chinese culture, in which micro size needles are poked in the body of individual to treat the biological issues, in the Muslim culture ‘hajama’ is another example. The theory explains that such experiences of pain which are associated with cultural rituals, close the gateway of pain due to three main psychological factors like the current emotions include pleasant feeling of doing something good, previous belief about this is having a good cause of doing the practice and it will benefit the individual, and interpretation of the current event is also positive.
Eastern culture
In the eastern culture there are many examples which show that people tend to adopt painful rituals and their pain experience minimizes due to the cultural context.
Ashura is an example found in the eastern culture in which people does self-flagellation. This experience does not bring pain to them to that extend it could have brought otherwise. Pakistani culture presents this example prevalent in the society. It can be witnessed in the Islamic month ‘Muharam’ (especially, 9th and 10th of this month).
Finger cutting as part of the mourning is another example of cultural experience of pain. It has found in the ‘Western New Guinea province of Indonesia’ a tribe named Dani has a unique way of mourning over the loss of their loved ones. As part of their culture, it is considered as customary to cut the women’s top half of the finger. It happened during the funeral ceremony or as a part of the ceremony.
Western culture
Western culture also has some rituals or cultural traditions which are painful but still those are being practiced as part of the cultural norm or ritual and experience of pain is not similar to the

pain otherwise. Bull fighting is one of the examples of experience of pain. In this game there are many chances of people to get injured and harmed but this pain is not considered as usual pain experience.
The second example of this kind is Spanish bull running festival. In this festival people are aware of the harm and danger involve in this game but in spite of this, millions of people take part of this game and every year many people get injured badly and some even loss their lives.
These examples have shown that gate control theory of pain describes the psychological factors and cultural aspects which close the gate of pain, in fact prevails globally. People tend to experience less or no pain in the cultural rituals as compare to the usual situations, and culture also plays an important role in changing the experience of pain.

Q. 1 Answer:

Scenario Type of Anxiety (1*3) Justification (4*3) Ijaz lost his way when he was crossing a Desert. While finding the right direction, a snake showed in front of him. Ijaz got scared and started running in an opposite direction. Realistic Anxiety This type of anxiety occurs when the threat or danger present is real. The person may have a difficulty handling the situation that generates the anxiety. For e.g., facing a bear in a jungle. Amir wants to talk to his parents about letting him buy a new mobile phone. However, he is never able to talk to them because he is afraid that his parents might get angry. Neurotic Anxiety In this type of anxiety, the Id is likely to show up in the conscious and ego would not longer be able to control it. The individual realizes that once Id is on the surface, social rejection is the result. Shahid delivers food from the restaurant to the home. One day when he was very hungry, he wanted to eat some of the food, which he was delivering. However, he did not as he knew that it is morally wrong. Moral Anxiety In this type of anxiety, when the threat of being punished is present, the individual faces anxiety. The Id of the individual is expressing itself fully while the superego expresses shame or guilt.

Q2. Describe any two techniques of Psychoanalysis proposed by Freud. (2.5+2.5) Student may describe any two of the following.

Answer:
1. Free Association:
The purpose of free association is to simply collect all the accounts of the client. The client is asked to lie on the couch and the therapist sits behind. The client is asked to speak without censoring anything uninterruptedly. Through this, the thoughts of the unconscious slips in to the conscious.
2. Dream Analysis:
Dreams have been heavily emphasized in psychoanalysis. Freud viewed that dreams are representations of the Id impulses. A therapist interprets the dream by relating it to various unconscious desires and wishes.
3. Transference:
Transference is of two types: positive and negative. Positive transference is when the client relates positively to any positive person in his/her life (therapist, friend). While negative is when the therapists starts relating to the client.
4. Freudian Slip:
Freudian slip is a concept in which the individual wanted to say something but says something else. Freud suggested that these slips are the actual truth that people hold inside themselves. These truths are in the unconscious but slip sometimes in the conscious and are delivered.
5. Humor:
Freud has heavily emphasized on sex and death in his theory. He has related Humor to these two factors as well. Humor is an essential part of your psyche and one cannot understand psyche without realizing the humor the person relates to the most.

Solution:

S. No Disease/Disorder Biological Factors (6x1=6) Psychological Factors (6x1=6) Social Factors (6x1=6) 01 Hypertension High Cholesterol Level Negative thinking Family/workplace issues 02 Diabetes Insulin impairment Lack of motivation to change life style Culturally saying no. to sweets is embarrassing. 03 Depression Low dopamine Negative thinking Family pressures 04 Obesity Genetic factor Low self esteem Bullying 05 Heart Disease High Cholesterol Level Negative thinking Family/workplace issues 06 Cancer Tumor cell formation Hopelessness Lack of family support

Solution:

Scenario Psychosexual Stage (1*5) Justification (3*5) Azhar is a newborn baby. His mother feeds him thrice a day. Gradually she noticed that Azhar is often putting different objects in his mouth. Oral The Oral stage of psychosexual development starts from birth to 12 or 18 months of age. The erogenous zone of the individual is his/her mouth. The baby seeks pleasure through activities which involve the use of oral cavity. For e.g., eating, sucking etc. Zain is being toilet trained by his family. The family noticed that Zain gets pleasure by controlling his bowel and bladder movements. Anal The Anal stage of psychosexual development lasts begins after Oral stage and lasts till 3 years. During this stage, the individual’s erogenous zone is the anal cavity. The baby seeks pleasure through activities involving the anal region. For example, expulsion of feces. Parents of Ahmed noticed that after reaching the age of 8, he is often touching different parts of his body, especially his genitals. He is attached more to his mother as compared to his father. Phallic The phallic stage of psychosexual development lasts from 3-6 years of age. Sexual energy starts to develop in the child and this when Oedipus and Electra complex are developed. A male child would develop castration anxiety while a female child will develop penis envy. Qamar, at age 11, prefers making friends with boys as compared to girls. He would also study different books and focuses more on productive tasks. Latency This stage of psychosexual development lasts from 6 years of age to puberty. The sexual energy at this stage drops down and the child starts mingling with same-sex peers. Ilyas, at the age of 17, seeks to form intimate relationships with girls. He noticed different signs of puberty in himself as well. Genital This stage of psychosexual development lasts from puberty to the adulthood. The child in this stage, develops sexual maturity, sexual energy develops again and he/she also start getting engaged in sexual activity as well.

Solution:
Q. 1
Explain four forms of feminism (i.e. Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Socialist
Feminism and Cultural Feminism) with the help of examples.
Q.1 Solution:
There are four main forms of feminism; Liberal feminism, Radical Feminism, socialist feminism and cultural feminism.
Liberal feminism
Liberal feminism defined the female’s role same as male. It considered that all the rights which male have should be owned by the female as well. There should not be any difference in any kind of rights and privileges on the basis of gender. Th example could be providing the equal rights to women like in the witness, two females are equal to one male this should be equated according to liberal philosophy.
Radical feminism
This form asserts that the cultural notion of the gender should be not be part of the society. It is assumed that men are oppressors and women are oppressed in the society according to the current practices. This is kind of oppression which is followed by the different racial and social class. So, in this way such cultural notions practiced in the society should be eliminated and women would have same freedom and empowerment as men. For example, taking stand against
social norms like Malala took stand and go for education against the norms of her culture, and she worked for her empowerment.
Socialist feminism
The socialist feminism have the idea that rather than enjoying the individual freedom and rights and seeking for liberal rights separately, women and men should go together in persuasion of rights. This refers to the mutual respect and valuing the rights of each other and with mutual acceptance of those rights makes both genders enjoying their rights in the society. It is kind of equality but with togetherness. For example, in west, male and female share both responsibilities financial as well as house chores. Females tend to work outside their homes and males take part in house chores as well.
Cultural feminism
In this form of feminism it is important to have social change in the society. It is essential for the society to set and follow the all the traditional values which have determined by the society. It says that feminist values in the society are right and females should follow the social roles and social norms set for the women. These values and traditions are considered as superior in the society. It includes the examples where females submit to the decisions of their parents and elders according to the socially set norms like agreeing for arrange marriage quietly and remain shy and acceptable to parents’ decision, made her more respectable and good in the sight of society and family.

Question 2.
Analyze Asian culture and highlight at least two forms of feminism that are prevailing in our society now a days. Justify your stance with the help of example.

Answer:
Feminism is practiced differently even within the Asia. There are many differences in the cultural and feminist practices in the different cultures and regions of Asia it has found broadly that there are two form of feminism which prevails in the Asian culture, first is socialist feminism in which all the developed countries include. As part of this form of feminism, male and female together decide the roles in the society and almost equal rights are provided in their certain roles provided or decided by the society. Their own consent is part of the division of their roles. Such societies have the examples where females take part in the society as working women and share the house chores as well. In the same way power and rights are also shared by both genders.
The second most prevalent form of feminism in Asia is, cultural feminism in which women just follow the roles and values of the society which has determined by the culture of that particular region. Many examples could be found in the developing countries where women are not empowered, their literacy rate is lower than men and they do not go to work. They just do the house chores and rare children while following the similar social norms and values. According to this form women can better enjoy their rights by following the social norms as it gives them acceptance from the society and made them valuable in their culture.

Solution:
Explain three stages of consumer decision making (Input, process & Output) while purchasing a product.
Answer:
The process of consumer’s decision making is based on the three distinct stages but these stages are inter-linked and make a process of consumer’s decision making. The process of decision making of the consumer is consisted of; input stage, process stage, and output stage. These three stages, step by step, lead and guide towards to the decision making of the consumer.
Input stage
The input stage is, where consumer recognize his need for anything. This recognition of the needs, make the consumer explore and think about the possible options available in the market. At this stage, consumer faces two kinds of influences from the market.
First is ‘firm’s marketing efforts’ and second is ‘external sociological influences’.
The marketing efforts include; the product, what is its price, how it is being promoted and the place where it is being kept and sold. These are all the factors which contribute or impact the consumer at this stage from the marketer’s perspective.
The second aspect include; the influences on the consumer. How the consumer has heard about the product from the family, friends, neighbors, or any information which has been gathered from non- commercial sources like word of mouth etc., the social class of the consumer, and
the cultural and sub-cultural background and membership. These are the factors which contribute in setting the need and want of the consumer at the input stage. In short at the input stage the information which is part of the consumer’s input about the product, studied at this stage.
Process stage
The process stage aims to explore the ways that how consumer make decisions. The psychological factors of the individual play the role at this stage. These factors are; perception of the consumer, motivation towards buying, overall personality of the consumer, learning of the consumer, previously has been done, and attitude towards the product. At this stage the input information is evaluated in reference to these internal factors and in combination of both of these, including the recognition of the need from the previous stage, pre-purchase search for the related information, and in addition to all this the evaluation of the alternatives is also included. These factors altogether make consumer take a decision about the product that which product will be purchased.
Output stage
The output stage is consisted of not current purchasing behavior, rather it addresses the post decision activities, once consumer purchase the product. It includes two activities of the consumer; purchase behavior and post purchase evaluation.
The purchase behavior refers to the again buying the same product in future in case of need of that product. If the consumer will be satisfied with the previous decision the purchase will be repeated by the consumer, but if previous purchase will bring dissatisfaction, then other alternatives will be explored or preferred. The post purchase evaluation is the evaluation of the consumer of the product which has been purchased. This evaluation is in the form of opinion setting about that product. If the good opinion will be set, then consumer will tell good aspects

of the product to others, but if the experience with the product will be bad, then consumer will spread bad words about the product in the social circle. It also determines the future purchase of the product as well.

Question 2.
Keeping in view the three stages of consumer decision making, your task is to select one of the products given below and build a model for your decision to prefer one brand of the product on the other.
Answer:
I am aiming to buy winter clothes for this season. I have two options one is sapphire and another is Gul Ahmed. I am going to consider the process of decision making while I make this purchase. I will address all the factors which plays the role at each stage of decision making, whether it includes internal factors or it is about external efforts by the marketers. The model which describes the decision-making process, will be addressed while this purchase activity is conducted.
Input stage: at the input stage I was influenced by the two external forces, one was what markets want to tell me about their product by presenting their product, offering good prices and discounts, and huge bill boards and advertisements. The second external force was what people says or have opinion about the product like what I have heard from the non-commercial efforts of the brand and people around me have the opinion about the product after their use or overall opinion. I have been heard that sapphire clothes have unique designs but Gul Ahmad is giving good discounts. The promotion efforts were more found of Gul Ahmad products. I was attracted to follow the Gul Ahmad first, I saw all the prints and articles which were on promotion, but I found those not matching to my choice and interest. I decided to go to sapphire. They also had lavish outlet, and interesting prints. Some articles really attracted me but those were very expensive for me. I kept on digging upon further on my choices.

Process stage: I analyze myself that how I perceive both of these brands, I consider sapphire designs more aesthetic and modern and novel in its patterns and colors. I was motivated to purchase novel colors for this winter. I have found it as part of my personality that I am an extrovert person and like vibrant and lively patterns and colors. I have learned through previous purchase experience as well that these kinds of prints go well with my personality and suits me as well. So, in result of this I have developed the attitude of wearing such kind of prints and colors.
Output stage: I use the dress of sapphire and I enjoyed the feel and looks as well as overall price and comfort it provided. I find myself looking elegant while carrying that dress among my colleagues and family members. That dress made me feel good overall. On top of that after 2 to three washes, I found the colors and fabric as same as I bout that, this made me feel so good that every time I carry that dress, I found that as a new dress. This experience made me loyal customer of sapphire, and I have positive evaluation about the brand and product both.