Re: CS607 Assignment 3 Solution and Discussion

Artificial Intelligence (CS607)
Assignment # 03
Fall 2020
Total marks = 20

Deadline Date
01-02-21

Please carefully read the following instructions before attempting the assignment.

RULES FOR MARKING
It should be clear that your assignment would not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after the due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or the file is corrupt.
 Strict action will be taken if the submitted solution is copied from any other student or the internet.

You should consult the recommended books to clarify your concepts as handouts are not sufficient.

You are supposed to submit your assignment in Doc or Docx format.
Any other formats like scan images, Pdf, Zip, Rar, Ppt and Bmp, etc will not be accepted.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this assignment is to;
 Learn and practice basic understanding of working in CLIPS IDE.
 Basic understanding of Fuzzy Inference process with its rules.

NOTE

No assignment will be accepted after the due date via email in any case (whether it is the case of load shedding or internet malfunctioning etc.). Hence refrain from uploading assignments in the last hour of the deadline. It is recommended to upload the solution file at least two days before its closing date.

If you find any mistake or confusion in the assignment (Question statement), please consult with your instructor before the deadline. After the deadline, no queries will be entertained in this regard.

For any query, feel free to email at:
[email protected]

Questions No. 01 10 Marks
You are required to write two rules one for input read and the second for input checking using CLIPS IDE.

Rule no 1:
In rule one, you are required to take input (subject name) from the user by displaying this message on the screen “Enter your subject”.
Rule no 2:
In the second rule, you are required to mention subject names “artificial intelligence”, “operating system” and “compiler construction” and check that your entered subject from the first rule matches with the mentioned subjects by displaying this message on the screen.
“Your entered subject is true”.

You are required to run the rule and display the output. Take screenshot of your CLIPS IDE and send otherwise your marks will be zero.

Question No. 2 10 Marks
You are required to think about the associated genuine factors from regular day to day proceedings:

Room temperature measured in Fahrenheit or Celsius. A waiter tip depends upon a meal in the restaurant. News channel depends upon how much you are interested in watching it. A cricket ball’s speed is measured in kilometers per hour. The room light is estimated in what tone is on.
For each situation, propose a fuzzy variable relating to these genuine factors.

Re: CS607 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion

Assignment No. 02
Semester: Fall 2020
CS607: Artificial Intelligence
Total Marks: 20

Due Date:16-12-20

Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
 Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
 To learn creating graph from information.
 To learn how to convert the expression to conjunctive normal form.
Assignment

Question No. 1 Marks 10

Convert the following expression to conjunctive normal form, write all the equivalence rules that you will use to convert.

Question No. 2 Marks 10

Using deftemplate add a function with name “person” with slots name, age, degree and gpa. Then add fact of that person with your details.
Also write a rule with name “is-student-passed” where you will set condition on cgpa, if cgpa will be 3.5 or 3.7 then student will be passed. Write the code for this rule and run this rule.
Take screenshots of your CLIPS IDE window. If any student will send code on word or pdf file marks will be zero.

Re: CS607 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion

Artificial Intelligence (CS607)
Assignment # 01
Fall 2020
Total marks = 20

Deadline Date
03-12-20

Please carefully read the following instructions before attempting assignment.

RULES FOR MARKING
It should be clear that your assignment would not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after the due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
 Strict action will be taken if submitted solution is copied from any other student or from the internet.

You should consult the recommended books to clarify your concepts as handouts are not sufficient.

You are supposed to submit your assignment in .doc or docx format.
Any other formats like scan images, PDF, zip, rar, ppt and bmp etc will not be accepted.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this assignment is to:
• Basic understanding of BFS (Breadth First Search) by using Search algorithm.
• Learn and practice basic concepts of Graphs and trees

NOTE

No assignment will be accepted after the due date via email in any case (whether it is the case of load shedding or internet malfunctioning etc.). Hence refrain from uploading assignment in the last hour of deadline. It is recommended to upload solution file at least two days before its closing date.

If you find any mistake or confusion in assignment (Question statement), please consult with your instructor before the deadline. After the deadline, no queries will be entertained in this regard.

For any query, feel free to email at:
[email protected]

Questions No. 01 10 marks
Consider the search space below, where A is the start node and O is a goal node. Consider the tree as given below, show in table displaying how does BFS (Breadth First Search) work on given tree using simple search algorithm.

da41996f-98d2-4ad8-90af-87a9e8e79de2-image.png

Questions No. 02 10 marks
Convert mentioned below tree into Graph.
d54f7316-c371-4545-aa3f-fac591249724-image.png

Re: CS607 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion

Re: CS607 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion

Assignment No. 01
Semester: Spring 2020
CS607: Artificial Intelligence
Total Marks: 20

Due Date:1/06/2020
Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
 Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
 Learn and practice basic concepts of Graphs and trees
 Basic understanding of BFS(Breadth First Search) by using Search algorithm.
Assignment

Question No. 1
Given the following graphs convert it into tree data structure.
A) In the following graph consider node 1 as your starting point Marks 5
8f8a98aa-50c5-45a1-a4c8-f741deffeb4e-image.png
B) In the following graph consider node h as your starting point. Marks 5
dd97ebe5-ee9e-4edb-a728-0fe639cdac31-image.png

Question No. 2 Marks 10

Consider the search space below, where S is the start node and O is goal node. Show with the sequence of diagrams along with table displaying how does BFS (Breadth First Search) work on given tree using simple search algorithm.

3cf4151b-e716-4a89-a048-52fc5b0bb94c-image.png

Submission
You are required to submit your solution through LMS as an MS Word document.

GDB :

Machine learning algorithms are helpful in solving the complex problems. Furthermore, in Machine learning it is impossible to exhaustively search over the entire concept space i.e. used for representing the problem with respect to some given attributes. Secondly during training process learner has to hypothesize to match the output that best fits the true output of the concept space.

GDB Topic:

Discuss and compare that which algorithm is best suitable for either general to specific or specific to general ordering of hypothesis space.

Assignment No. 03
Semester: Fall 2019
CS607: Artificial Intelligence
Total Marks: 20

Due Date:20/01/20

Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
 Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
 Learn and practice basic understanding of ClIPS IDE.
 Basic understanding of Fuzzy Inference process.
Assignment

Question No. 1 marks 10
Write the program in CLIPS IDE that will save the facts about Computer information like processor type, RAM, Hard Disk, owner name and owner ID. After loading the facts in working memory use the facts command to see the index of computer information facts. While adding the facts about computer use your own name as owner name and our own VUID for owner ID. After adding the Computer information in CLIPS IDE, just send the screen shot of your CIPLS IDE and added fact should also be displayed in fact window.
Following is the sample screen shot of CLIPS IDE displaying name.
d63d5d13-3e56-47a4-be19-36e121a9d3f5-image.png

Question No. 2 marks 10
Show graphically the fuzzy inference process (Fuzzy rule IF – Then) for the given case study: The ad to join Music industry is published on a social site and the fuzzy system will help them decide the Selection Test points (0 to 20) to join the music team by rating their physical characters Voice pitch and Quality. Physical characters are between 0 to 10. Also define the rules first.

“If Pitch is high or Quality is Excellent then eligibility to get Selection test points will be high.”

Submission
An MS Word document containing both answers. For Q1 take the screenshot of CLIPS IDE program output/execution and your own VUID must be visible in the screenshot.

Note: you can take the screen shot of your active window by using ctrl+Alt+PrtScn.
You can download the CLIPS IDE for 32-bit systems at following link

For 64-bit system you can download at following link.

Assignment No. 02
Semester: Fall 2019
CS607: Artificial Intelligence
Total Marks: 20

Due Date:29/11/2019

Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after the due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or the file is corrupt.
 The Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
 Learn and practice basic concepts of Eight Queen problem.
 Basic understanding of Knowledge representation through graph.

Assignment

Question No. 1

Consider the Eight-Queen problem to use representation and strategy on chess board. Show the positions of Individuals on chess board table and calculate the fitness values for both individuals in first iteration. The individuals (board positions) are given below:
(a) 47285421
(b) 52416782

Question No. 2

Given the following information you are required to represent it by using the graph.
o Zulfiqar is Hussain’s Father
o Zahra is Hussain’s Mother
o Hussain is Zulfiqar and Zahra‘s Son

You are required to submit your solution through LMS as an MS Word document.

Assignment No. 01

Semester: Fall 2019
CS607: Artificial Intelligence
Total Marks: 20

Due Date:15/11/2019

Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
 The assignment is submitted after due date.
 The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
 Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
 Learn and practice basic concepts of Graphs and trees
 Basic understanding of BFS by using Search algorithm.
Assignment

Question No. 1
Given the following graphs convert it into tree data structure.
A) In the following graph consider node 1 as your starting point
853e138a-b822-4551-bb89-e2a54c41c33e-image.png
B) In the following graph consider node a as your starting point.
d16affa1-d363-46c1-adaf-d154f721d300-image.png

Question No. 2

Consider the search space below, where S is the start node and H is goal node. Show with the sequence of diagrams along with table displaying how does BFS work on given tree using simple search algorithm.
8a28f53f-a337-4cb2-81d1-e24a29334ea1-image.png

Submission
You are required to submit your solution through LMS as an MS Word document.

Please share your current Quiz and Solution to help the students…

Question
Identify the statement which best defines the fuzzy sets.

Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Fuzzy sets, like classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set A.
Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Identify that for which purpose statment given below is used (deftamplate Person (slot name (type STRING)) (slot age(type NUMBER)) )

Attributes of a fact
Rule
Rule definition
CLIPS
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct statement to list facts numbers 1 through 10

clips> (facts 1 10)
clips> (facts 1 to 10)
clips> (facts 10)
clips> (facts 1)
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Fuzzy logic is actually a superset of conventional boolean logic

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Identify which statement defines classical sets in a best way

A classical set is a container, which wholly includes but not wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which does not wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which sometimes wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
General stages of ESDLC includes.

Spiral model
Linear model
Beta system (tested by users)
Design coding
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct definition of linear model given below.

A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the software models.
A non sequential sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
A non linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the Expert Systems.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Fuzzy logic is a subset of conventional (Boolean) logic.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the sets in which Membership Function is used.

Crisp set
Classical set
Fuzzy set
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
The goal of knowledge analysis is to analyze and structure the knowledge gained during the planning phase.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Identify correct statement for the given rule. IF The aptitude level of an undergraduate student is low and The English understanding level of undergraduate student is dull THEN He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies.

(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”)
(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
<=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Sequence wise main phases of Linear model used in developing expert systems are given below.

1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)System evaluation
4)Knowledge design
5)Code
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)System evaluation
5)Code
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)Code
5)System evaluation
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)Code
5)Knowledge verification
6)System evaluation
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
IF IELTS score of Ali is 6 and CGPA of Ali is 3.7 and GRE score of Ali is 66 Then He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad

(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
<=
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”)
(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Identify the step involved in planning phase.

Knowledge acquisition from expert
Coding
Resource allocation
Identify concrete knowledge elements
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct step used to start design of an expert system.

Feasiblity study
Problem recognization
Scope study
Rapid prototyping
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
____________ learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new knowledge from the old.

Deductive
Inductive
Application
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
A concept is the representation of the __________ with respect to the given attributes.

Solution
Problem
Knowledge
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

Line
Layer
Neuron
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
If the true output of a concept [c(xi)] is 1 or 0 for an instance, then the output by our hypothesis [h(xi)] is 1 or 0 as well, respectively.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
In Candidate-Elimination algorithm version space is represented by two sets named:

G and S
G and F
S and F
H and S
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally _________

True
False
Ambiguous
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning takes examples and generalizes rather than starting with __________ knowledge

Existing
Inductive
Deductive
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Machine learning is a prerequisite for any mature program of artificial intelligence

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
The tractable problems are further divided into structured and ____________ problems

Non-structured
Complex
Simple
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Which one is NOT the advantage of Neural Network

Excellent for pattern recognition
Excellent classifiers
Handles noisy data well
None of the given
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
_________ is the process of formulating the mapping from a given input to an output using Fuzzy logic.

FIZ
FIS
FOS
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
The first step of FIND-S is to initialize h to the most specific hypothesis in __________: h = < Ø , Ø >

H
I
J
K
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Outputs of learning are determined by the ________

Application
Validation
Training
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally _______

TRUE
FALSE
Ambiguous
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Interactive Dichotomizer uses a special function ________, to evaluate the gain information of each attribute.

GAIN
GET
FIND
EVAL
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Machine learning typically follows ___________ phases according to Finlay.

Two
Three
Four
Five
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

Line
Layer
Neuron
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Artificial Neural Networks is a new learning paradigm which takes its roots from _________ inspired approach to learning.

Chemistry
Physics
Biology
Mathematics
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
A concept is the representation of the __________ with respect to the given attributes.

Solution
Problem
Knowledge
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
The brain is a collection of about 100 ________ interconnected neurons.

Million
Billion
Trillion
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Intelligence is the characteristic of

Living being
All things
None of them
All of them
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 1
Question
Can we precisely define Artificial Intelligence?

Yes we can
No we can not
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 1
Question
Which of the following things demonstrate Intelligence?

Problem solving
Recognize/Remember
Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
All of the above
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 1
Question
Try to catch out own thoughts as they go by is ________.

Introspection
Psychology
Both of given
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 2
Question
Intelligence is the ability to ____________.

Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
Recognize/Remember
Problem solving
All of the above
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 2
Question
__________ AI actually tries to recreate the functions of the inside of the brain as opposed to simply emulating behavior.

Weak
Strong
Weak and Strong
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 2
Question
__________ AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its functionality.

Weak
Strong
Weak and Strong
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 2
Question
From discipline of _____________ we have the tools and techniques to investigate the human mind and ways to represent the resulting theories.

Computer Science
Biology
Mathematics
Psychology
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 3
Question
From discipline of _____________ we have information about the network structure of a human brain and all the theories on functionalities of different human organs.

Mathematics
Biology
Computer Science
Psychology
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 3
Question
Which of the following disciplines provides us with the theories of structure and meaning of language?

Linguistic
Philosophy
Biology
Psychology
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 3
Question
Hit and trial is a classical approach to solve the ___________ problem easily.

Trivial
Medium
All of the given
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 4
Question
__________ is a Classical way of problem solving.

GA
Generate and Test
Reasoning
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 4
Question
The traveling inside a solution space requires something called as __________.

Problem Statement
Operands
Operators
Solution Space
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 4
Question
Some essential components of problem solving are Problem statement, ________, Solution space and Operators.

Complex State
Initial State
Intermediate State
Goal State
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 4
Question
By getting grips on _________ that deal with searching techniques in graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner.

Pseudocode
Algorithms
Charts
Graphs
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 5
Question
In Optimal Path searches we try to find the _________ solution.

Least
Best
Last but not the Least
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 5
Question
Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in _______.

Trees
Demos
Graphs
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 5
Question
We use graphs to represent problems and their solution spaces.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Every graph can be converted into a tree.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a ___________.

Graph
Table
Demo
None of the above
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Procedures that search the solution space in an uninformed manner are usually costly with respect to _________.

Time
Space
Time and space both
All of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 6
Question
In DFS, node with the largest value of height will be at Priority ________.

Maximum
Minimum
Zero
Least
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 7
Question
In Depth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the ___________ priority to be picked.

Minimum
Maximum
Zero
Both minimum and maximum
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the _________ priority to be picked.

Zero
Minimum
Maximum
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 7
Question
Breadth-First Search checks all paths of a given length before moving on to any longer paths.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching factor is _________.

Extremely small
Small
Medium
Large
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
The foothill problem occurs whenever there are________ peaks.

High
Secondary
Primary
Deep
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 8
Question
Which one of the problems is more subtle, and consequently, is more frustrating?

Foothill problem
Plateau
Ridge
Box
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 8
Question
The paths founded by Best First search are likely to be _________ than those found with other methods.

Longer
Shorter
Both of the given
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 8
Question
Best First Search is a greedy approach.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 8
Question
In Adversarial search there may occur such a scenario where two opponents also called ___________ are searching for a goal.

Adversaries
Friend
Players
Intruders
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 9
Question
We can get optimal solution given some parameters using Genetic Algorithm.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 11
Question
Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 11
Question
In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random ________.

Number
Change
Operator
Operand
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 11
Question
Genetic Algorithms is a search method in which multiple search paths are followed in _______.

Series
Parallel
Sequential
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 11
Question
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called _________.

Alternative function
Recursive function
Best function
Fitness function
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 12
Question
What is the correct order for solving a problem using GA
I. Choose the best individuals from the population for crossover
II. Choose initial population
III. Evaluate the fitness of each individual

I,II,III
I,III,II
II,I,III
II,III,I
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 12
Question
Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 12
Question
In GA, the random process is repeated until an individual with required _________ level is found.

Higher
Lower
Fitness
Logical
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 13
Question
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called.

Alternative function
Recursive function
Best function
Fitness function
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 13
Question
An AI system must form a meaningful and useful __________ of the internal information.

Representation
Execution
Learning
Planning
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 14
Question
An AI system has a ____________ component that allows the system to get information from its environment.

Planning
Perception
Learning
Execution
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 14
Question
In the worst case of semantic network, we may need to traverse the entire network and then discover that the requested info ________.

Does not exist
Exists
Is incorrect
Is correct
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 15
Question
A proposition is the statement of a _________.

Equation
Action
Theorem
Fact
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 15
Question
Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing _________ and arcs representing _________ between objects.

distance, relationships
objects, distance
relationships, distance
objects, relationships
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 15
Question
A statement in conjunctive normal form (CNF) consists of _________.

ANDs of Ors.
ANDs
Ors
Ors of ANDs
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 16
Question
__________ is the process of deriving logical conclusions from given facts.

Representation
Execution
Reasoning
Planning
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 16
Question
In the statement “IF A THEN B”, A is called

Antecedent
Consequent
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 16
Question
__________ reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a ‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations.

Deductive
Abductive
Inductive
Analogical
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 16
Question
An ___________ is “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert”.

Expert system
Intelligent System
Echo System
Energy System
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
Another expert system named __________ was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, as a computer configuration assistant.

R1/XCON
MYCIN
Dendral
R3/XCON
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
Conventional programming focuses on _______, while ES programming focuses on ________.

Solution, Problem
Problem, Solution
Problem, Expert
Solution, Expert
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 20
Question
In backward chaining terminology, the hypothesis to prove is called the ________.

Proof
Goal
Plan
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 21

Source

Question # 1 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Some essential components of problem solving are Problem statement, _________, solution space and
Operators
►Complex State
►Initial State
►Intermediate State
►Goal State (Page 17)
Question # 2 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The traveling inside a solution space requires something called as ___________
►Operands
►Inner solution
►Space solution
►Operators (Page 18)
Question # 3 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Genetic Algorithms is a search method in which multiple search paths are followed in _______
►Series
►Parallel (Page 77)
►None of the give
►Sequential
Question # 4 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following disciplines provides us with the theories of structure and meaning of language
►Linguistic (Page 9)
►Philosophy
►Biology
►Psychology
Question # 5 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In optimal path searches we try to find the ____________ solution
►Least
►Worst
►Least but not worst
►Best (Page 24)

14
Question # 6 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In Depth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the _______ priority to be picked.
►Minimum
►Maximum (Page 25)
►Zero
►Both Minimum and maximum
Question # 7 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In adversarial search there may occur such a scenario where two opponents also called _____ are searching for
goal.
►Adversaries (Page 62)
►Friend
►Players
►Intruders
Question # 8 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
From discipline ____________ we have information about the network structure of a human brain and all the
theories on functionalities of different human organs.
►Mathematics
►Biology (Page 9)
►Computer Science
►Psychology
Question # 9 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Hit and trial is classical approach to solve the ________ problem easily
►Trivial (Page 15)
►Medium
Question # 10 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
We use graph to represent problems and their solution spaces.
►False
►True (Page 22)
Question # 1 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In GA, the random process is repeated until an individual with required _________ level is found.
Select correct option:
►Higher
►Lower
►Fitness (Page 86)
►Logical
15
Question # 2 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits
►True (Page 79)
►False
Question # 3 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to
develop a solution.
►True click here for detail
►False
Question # 4 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
An AI system has a ____________ component that allows the system to get information from its environment.
►Planning
►Perception (Page 89)
►Learning
►Execution
Question # 5 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the worst case of semantic network, we may need to traverse the entire network and then discover that the
requested info ________.
►Does not exist (Page 97)
►Exists
►Is incorrect
►Is correct
Question # 6 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A statement in conjunctive normal form (CNF) consists of __________
►ANDs of Ors. (Page 107)
►ANDs
►Ors
►Ors of ANDs
Question # 7 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the correct order for solving a problem using GA
I. Choose the best individuals from the population for crossover
II. Choose initial population
III. Evaluate the fitness of each individual
►I,II,III
►I,III,II
►II,I,III
►II,III,I (Page 84)
16
Question # 8 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Intelligence id the characteristics of:
►Living things (Page 4)
►All things
►None of them
►All of them
Question # 9 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Intelligence is the ability to
►Think / learn/Plan/ Schedule (Page 5)
►Recognize / Remember
►Problem Solving
►All of the Above
Question # 10 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ability to tackle ambiguous and fuzzy problems demonstrate
►Intelligence (Page 6)
► Non intelligence behavior
►All of the given
►None of the given
Question # 1 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Can we precisely define Artificial Intelligence?
►Yes We Can
►No we cannot (Page 14)
Question # 2 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The traveling inside solution space requires something called
►Problem Statement
►Operands
►Operators (Page 18)
►Solution Space
Question # 3 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In DFS node with the largest value of height will be at Priority
►Maximum (Page 25)
►Minimum
►Zero
►Least

17
Question # 4 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Try to catch out own thoughts as they go by is
►Introspection (Page 28)
►Psychology
►Both of above
►None of the above
Question # 5 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Classical way of problem solving
►GA
►Generate and Test (Page 15)
Question # 6 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called
►Alternative function
►Recursive function
►Best function
►Fitness function (Page 83)
Question # 7 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Procedures that search the solution space in an uninformed manner are usually costly with respect to _____.

►Time
►Space
►Time and space both
►All of the given (Page 37)
Question # 8 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Best first search is a greedy approach.
►True (Page 47)
►False
Question # 9 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Answering the Sequence Problem need
►Intelligence (Page 15)
►Ability to make plan
► Ability to schedule
► None of the given

18
Cs607 – Quizzes (Quiz No.2)
Question # 1 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
IF A THEN B This can be considered to have a similar logical meaning as the following:
►A -> B (Page 99)
►A <-> B
►A <- B
►None of the given
Question # 2 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Within an expert system, the ______________ contains facts about a specific subject area and rules that express
the reasoning procedures of an expert on the subject.
► Inference engine
►Knowledge engineer
► Knowledge base click here for detail
►None of the given options
Question # 3 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the statement “IF A THEN B”, B is called
►Antecedent
►Consequent (Page 95)
Question # 4 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In some cases, the rules provide more definite actions such as “move left” or “close door”, in which case the
rules are being used to represent _________.
► Recommendations
► Directives (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) Click here for detail
►Relations
► None of the given options

19
Question # 5 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Expert system can be expressed as:
► It provides tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee
learning and training
►The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in
information systems
►Used for finding the optimal solution for a specific problem by examining a very large number or possible
solutions for that problem
►Intelligent technique for capturing tacit knowledge in a very specific and limited domain of human
expertise, this knowledge is converted to rules that can be used throughout the entire organization
click here for detail
Question # 6 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In general, the antecedent of a rule compares an object with a possible value, using an operator.
►True click here for detail
►False
Question # 7 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
IF temperature is below 0 THEN weather is cold The above rule is used to represent _______
►Recommendations
►Directives
►Relations (Page 96)
►None of the given options
Question # 8 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a valid example which represents a suitable antecedent in a rule?
►IF x > 3
►IF name is “Bob”
►IF weather is cold
► All of the given options

Question # 9 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
From discipline of _____________ we have the tools and techniques to investigate the human mind and ways
to represent the resulting theories
►Computer Science
►Biology
► Mathematics
► Psychology (Page 9)

20
Question # 10 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Intelligence is the characteristic of
►Living being (Page 4)
►All things
►None of them
►All of them
Question # 1 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
_____ AI actually tries to recreate the functions of the inside of the brain as opposed to simply emulating
behavior
►Weak
► Strong (Page 😎
►Weak and Strong
►None of the given
Question # 2 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
______ AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its functionality.
► Weak (Page 😎
►Strong
►Weak and Strong
►None of the given

333d4b8b-57c3-47a0-9fa4-61617380513a-image.png
Assignment No. 02
Semester: Spring 2019
CS607: Artificial Intelligence

Total Marks: 20

Due Date:31/05/2019

Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
♣ The assignment is submitted after due date.
♣ The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
♣ Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
♣ Learn and practice basic concepts of Eight Queen problem.
♣ Basic understanding of Knowledge representation through Semantic Network.

Assignment

Question No. 1
Consider the Eight-Queen problem to use representation and strategy on chess board. Show the positions of Individuals on chess board table and calculate the fitness values for both individuals in first iteration. The individuals (board positions) are given below:
(a) 57267184
(b) 16863724

Question No. 2

Semantic network is used to represents knowledge in form of relation among objects in graph (vertices and edges) form. You are required to represent the following sentence through semantic network.
“Sara is going to Lahore by bus”.

Submission
You are required to submit your solution through LMS as an MS Word document.

Spring 2019_CS607_2.docx

Question
Identify the statement which best defines the fuzzy sets.

Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Fuzzy sets, like classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set A.
Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Identify that for which purpose statment given below is used (deftamplate Person (slot name (type STRING)) (slot age(type NUMBER)) )

Attributes of a fact
Rule
Rule definition
CLIPS
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct statement to list facts numbers 1 through 10

clips> (facts 1 10)
clips> (facts 1 to 10)
clips> (facts 10)
clips> (facts 1)
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Fuzzy logic is actually a superset of conventional boolean logic

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Identify which statement defines classical sets in a best way

A classical set is a container, which wholly includes but not wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which does not wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which sometimes wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
General stages of ESDLC includes.

Spiral model
Linear model
Beta system (tested by users)
Design coding
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct definition of linear model given below.

A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the software models.
A non sequential sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
A non linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the Expert Systems.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Fuzzy logic is a subset of conventional (Boolean) logic.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the sets in which Membership Function is used.

Crisp set
Classical set
Fuzzy set
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
The goal of knowledge analysis is to analyze and structure the knowledge gained during the planning phase.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Identify correct statement for the given rule. IF The aptitude level of an undergraduate student is low and The English understanding level of undergraduate student is dull THEN He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies.

(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”)
(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
<=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Sequence wise main phases of Linear model used in developing expert systems are given below.

1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)System evaluation
4)Knowledge design
5)Code
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)System evaluation
5)Code
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)Code
5)System evaluation
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)Code
5)Knowledge verification
6)System evaluation
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
IF IELTS score of Ali is 6 and CGPA of Ali is 3.7 and GRE score of Ali is 66 Then He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad

(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
<=
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”)
(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Identify the step involved in planning phase.

Knowledge acquisition from expert
Coding
Resource allocation
Identify concrete knowledge elements
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct step used to start design of an expert system.

Feasiblity study
Problem recognization
Scope study
Rapid prototyping
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
____________ learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new knowledge from the old.

Deductive
Inductive
Application
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
A concept is the representation of the __________ with respect to the given attributes.

Solution
Problem
Knowledge
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

Line
Layer
Neuron
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
If the true output of a concept [c(xi)] is 1 or 0 for an instance, then the output by our hypothesis [h(xi)] is 1 or 0 as well, respectively.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
In Candidate-Elimination algorithm version space is represented by two sets named:

G and S
G and F
S and F
H and S
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally _________

True
False
Ambiguous
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning takes examples and generalizes rather than starting with __________ knowledge

Existing
Inductive
Deductive
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Machine learning is a prerequisite for any mature program of artificial intelligence

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
The tractable problems are further divided into structured and ____________ problems

Non-structured
Complex
Simple
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Which one is NOT the advantage of Neural Network

Excellent for pattern recognition
Excellent classifiers
Handles noisy data well
None of the given
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
_________ is the process of formulating the mapping from a given input to an output using Fuzzy logic.

FIZ
FIS
FOS
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
The first step of FIND-S is to initialize h to the most specific hypothesis in __________: h = < Ø , Ø >

H
I
J
K
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Outputs of learning are determined by the ________

Application
Validation
Training
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally _______

TRUE
FALSE
Ambiguous
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Interactive Dichotomizer uses a special function ________, to evaluate the gain information of each attribute.

GAIN
GET
FIND
EVAL
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Machine learning typically follows ___________ phases according to Finlay.

Two
Three
Four
Five
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

Line
Layer
Neuron
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Artificial Neural Networks is a new learning paradigm which takes its roots from _________ inspired approach to learning.

Chemistry
Physics
Biology
Mathematics
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
A concept is the representation of the __________ with respect to the given attributes.

Solution
Problem
Knowledge
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
The brain is a collection of about 100 ________ interconnected neurons.

Million
Billion
Trillion
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Intelligence is the characteristic of

Living being
All things
None of them
All of them
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 1
Question
Can we precisely define Artificial Intelligence?

Yes we can
No we can not
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 1
Question
Which of the following things demonstrate Intelligence?

Problem solving
Recognize/Remember
Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
All of the above
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 1
Question
Try to catch out own thoughts as they go by is ________.

Introspection
Psychology
Both of given
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 2
Question
Intelligence is the ability to ____________.

Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
Recognize/Remember
Problem solving
All of the above
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 2
Question
__________ AI actually tries to recreate the functions of the inside of the brain as opposed to simply emulating behavior.

Weak
Strong
Weak and Strong
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 2
Question
__________ AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its functionality.

Weak
Strong
Weak and Strong
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 2
Question
From discipline of _____________ we have the tools and techniques to investigate the human mind and ways to represent the resulting theories.

Computer Science
Biology
Mathematics
Psychology
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 3
Question
From discipline of _____________ we have information about the network structure of a human brain and all the theories on functionalities of different human organs.

Mathematics
Biology
Computer Science
Psychology
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 3
Question
Which of the following disciplines provides us with the theories of structure and meaning of language?

Linguistic
Philosophy
Biology
Psychology
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 3
Question
Hit and trial is a classical approach to solve the ___________ problem easily.

Trivial
Medium
All of the given
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 4
Question
__________ is a Classical way of problem solving.

GA
Generate and Test
Reasoning
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 4
Question
The traveling inside a solution space requires something called as __________.

Problem Statement
Operands
Operators
Solution Space
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 4
Question
Some essential components of problem solving are Problem statement, ________, Solution space and Operators.

Complex State
Initial State
Intermediate State
Goal State
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 4
Question
By getting grips on _________ that deal with searching techniques in graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner.

Pseudocode
Algorithms
Charts
Graphs
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 5
Question
In Optimal Path searches we try to find the _________ solution.

Least
Best
Last but not the Least
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 5
Question
Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in _______.

Trees
Demos
Graphs
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 5
Question
We use graphs to represent problems and their solution spaces.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Every graph can be converted into a tree.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a ___________.

Graph
Table
Demo
None of the above
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Procedures that search the solution space in an uninformed manner are usually costly with respect to _________.

Time
Space
Time and space both
All of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 6
Question
In DFS, node with the largest value of height will be at Priority ________.

Maximum
Minimum
Zero
Least
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 7
Question
In Depth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the ___________ priority to be picked.

Minimum
Maximum
Zero
Both minimum and maximum
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the _________ priority to be picked.

Zero
Minimum
Maximum
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 7
Question
Breadth-First Search checks all paths of a given length before moving on to any longer paths.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching factor is _________.

Extremely small
Small
Medium
Large
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
The foothill problem occurs whenever there are________ peaks.

High
Secondary
Primary
Deep
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 8
Question
Which one of the problems is more subtle, and consequently, is more frustrating?

Foothill problem
Plateau
Ridge
Box
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 8
Question
The paths founded by Best First search are likely to be _________ than those found with other methods.

Longer
Shorter
Both of the given
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 8
Question
Best First Search is a greedy approach.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 8
Question
In Adversarial search there may occur such a scenario where two opponents also called ___________ are searching for a goal.

Adversaries
Friend
Players
Intruders
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 9
Question
We can get optimal solution given some parameters using Genetic Algorithm.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 11
Question
Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 11
Question
In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random ________.

Number
Change
Operator
Operand
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 11
Question
Genetic Algorithms is a search method in which multiple search paths are followed in _______.

Series
Parallel
Sequential
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 11
Question
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called _________.

Alternative function
Recursive function
Best function
Fitness function
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 12
Question
What is the correct order for solving a problem using GA
I. Choose the best individuals from the population for crossover
II. Choose initial population
III. Evaluate the fitness of each individual

I,II,III
I,III,II
II,I,III
II,III,I
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 12
Question
Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 12
Question
In GA, the random process is repeated until an individual with required _________ level is found.

Higher
Lower
Fitness
Logical
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 13
Question
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called.

Alternative function
Recursive function
Best function
Fitness function
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 13
Question
An AI system must form a meaningful and useful __________ of the internal information.

Representation
Execution
Learning
Planning
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 14
Question
An AI system has a ____________ component that allows the system to get information from its environment.

Planning
Perception
Learning
Execution
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 14
Question
In the worst case of semantic network, we may need to traverse the entire network and then discover that the requested info ________.

Does not exist
Exists
Is incorrect
Is correct
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 15
Question
A proposition is the statement of a _________.

Equation
Action
Theorem
Fact
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 15
Question
Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing _________ and arcs representing _________ between objects.

distance, relationships
objects, distance
relationships, distance
objects, relationships
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 15
Question
A statement in conjunctive normal form (CNF) consists of _________.

ANDs of Ors.
ANDs
Ors
Ors of ANDs
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 16
Question
__________ is the process of deriving logical conclusions from given facts.

Representation
Execution
Reasoning
Planning
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 16
Question
In the statement “IF A THEN B”, A is called

Antecedent
Consequent
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 16
Question
__________ reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a ‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations.

Deductive
Abductive
Inductive
Analogical
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 16
Question
An ___________ is “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert”.

Expert system
Intelligent System
Echo System
Energy System
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
Another expert system named __________ was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, as a computer configuration assistant.

R1/XCON
MYCIN
Dendral
R3/XCON
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
Conventional programming focuses on _______, while ES programming focuses on ________.

Solution, Problem
Problem, Solution
Problem, Expert
Solution, Expert
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 20
Question
In backward chaining terminology, the hypothesis to prove is called the ________.

Proof
Goal
Plan
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 21

Question
In backward chaining terminology, the hypothesis to prove is called the ________.

Proof
Goal
Plan
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 21
Question
Conventional programming focuses on _______, while ES programming focuses on ________.

Solution, Problem
Problem, Solution
Problem, Expert
Solution, Expert
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 20
Question
An ___________ is “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert”.

Expert system
Intelligent System
Echo System
Energy System
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
Another expert system named __________ was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, as a computer configuration assistant.

R1/XCON
MYCIN
Dendral
R3/XCON
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 18
Question
__________ reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a ‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations.

Deductive
Abductive
Inductive
Analogical
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 16
Question
A statement in conjunctive normal form (CNF) consists of _________.

ANDs of Ors.
ANDs
Ors
Ors of ANDs
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 16
Question
__________ is the process of deriving logical conclusions from given facts.

Representation
Execution
Reasoning
Planning
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 16
Question
In the statement “IF A THEN B”, A is called

Antecedent
Consequent
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 16
Question
A proposition is the statement of a _________.

Equation
Action
Theorem
Fact
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 15
Question
Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing _________ and arcs representing _________ between objects.

distance, relationships
objects, distance
relationships, distance
objects, relationships
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 15
Question
In the worst case of semantic network, we may need to traverse the entire network and then discover that the requested info ________.

Does not exist
Exists
Is incorrect
Is correct
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 15
Question
An AI system has a ____________ component that allows the system to get information from its environment.

Planning
Perception
Learning
Execution
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 14
Question
An AI system must form a meaningful and useful __________ of the internal information.

Representation
Execution
Learning
Planning
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 14
Question
In GA, the random process is repeated until an individual with required _________ level is found.

Higher
Lower
Fitness
Logical
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 13
Question
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called.

Alternative function
Recursive function
Best function
Fitness function
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 13
Question
Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 12
Question
What is the correct order for solving a problem using GA
I. Choose the best individuals from the population for crossover
II. Choose initial population
III. Evaluate the fitness of each individual

I,II,III
I,III,II
II,I,III
II,III,I
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 12
Question
A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called _________.

Alternative function
Recursive function
Best function
Fitness function
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 12
Question
In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random ________.

Number
Change
Operator
Operand
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 11
Question
Genetic Algorithms is a search method in which multiple search paths are followed in _______.

Series
Parallel
Sequential
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 11
Question
We can get optimal solution given some parameters using Genetic Algorithm.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 11
Question
Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 11
Question
In Adversarial search there may occur such a scenario where two opponents also called ___________ are searching for a goal.

Adversaries
Friend
Players
Intruders
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 9
Question
Best First Search is a greedy approach.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 8
Question
The foothill problem occurs whenever there are________ peaks.

High
Secondary
Primary
Deep
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 8
Question
Which one of the problems is more subtle, and consequently, is more frustrating?

Foothill problem
Plateau
Ridge
Box
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 8
Question
The paths founded by Best First search are likely to be _________ than those found with other methods.

Longer
Shorter
Both of the given
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 8
Question
In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the _________ priority to be picked.

Zero
Minimum
Maximum
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 7
Question
Breadth-First Search checks all paths of a given length before moving on to any longer paths.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching factor is _________.

Extremely small
Small
Medium
Large
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
In Depth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the ___________ priority to be picked.

Minimum
Maximum
Zero
Both minimum and maximum
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 7
Question
In DFS, node with the largest value of height will be at Priority ________.

Maximum
Minimum
Zero
Least
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 7
Question
Procedures that search the solution space in an uninformed manner are usually costly with respect to _________.

Time
Space
Time and space both
All of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 6
Question
We use graphs to represent problems and their solution spaces.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Every graph can be converted into a tree.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a ___________.

Graph
Table
Demo
None of the above
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 5
Question
In Optimal Path searches we try to find the _________ solution.

Least
Best
Last but not the Least
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 5
Question
Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in _______.

Trees
Demos
Graphs
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 5
Question
By getting grips on _________ that deal with searching techniques in graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner.

Pseudocode
Algorithms
Charts
Graphs
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 5
Question
Some essential components of problem solving are Problem statement, ________, Solution space and Operators.

Complex State
Initial State
Intermediate State
Goal State
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 4
Question
__________ is a Classical way of problem solving.

GA
Generate and Test
Reasoning
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 4
Question
The traveling inside a solution space requires something called as __________.

Problem Statement
Operands
Operators
Solution Space
Answer: 3 Chapter No. 4
Question
Hit and trial is a classical approach to solve the ___________ problem easily.

Trivial
Medium
All of the given
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 4
Question
Which of the following disciplines provides us with the theories of structure and meaning of language?

Linguistic
Philosophy
Biology
Psychology
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 3
Question
From discipline of _____________ we have the tools and techniques to investigate the human mind and ways to represent the resulting theories.

Computer Science
Biology
Mathematics
Psychology
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 3
Question
From discipline of _____________ we have information about the network structure of a human brain and all the theories on functionalities of different human organs.

Mathematics
Biology
Computer Science
Psychology
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 3
Question
__________ AI actually tries to recreate the functions of the inside of the brain as opposed to simply emulating behavior.

Weak
Strong
Weak and Strong
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 2
Question
__________ AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its functionality.

Weak
Strong
Weak and Strong
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 2
Question
Intelligence is the ability to ____________.

Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
Recognize/Remember
Problem solving
All of the above
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 2
Question
Try to catch out own thoughts as they go by is ________.

Introspection
Psychology
Both of given
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 2
Question
Which of the following things demonstrate Intelligence?

Problem solving
Recognize/Remember
Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
All of the above
Answer: 4 Chapter No. 1
Question
Can we precisely define Artificial Intelligence?

Yes we can
No we can not
Answer: 2 Chapter No. 1
Question
Intelligence is the characteristic of

Living being
All things
None of them
All of them
Answer: 1 Chapter No. 1
Question
Identify the statement which best defines the fuzzy sets.

Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Fuzzy sets, like classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set A.
Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Identify that for which purpose statment given below is used (deftamplate Person (slot name (type STRING)) (slot age(type NUMBER)) )

Attributes of a fact
Rule
Rule definition
CLIPS
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct statement to list facts numbers 1 through 10

clips> (facts 1 10)
clips> (facts 1 to 10)
clips> (facts 10)
clips> (facts 1)
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Fuzzy logic is actually a superset of conventional boolean logic

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Identify which statement defines classical sets in a best way

A classical set is a container, which wholly includes but not wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which does not wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which sometimes wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
General stages of ESDLC includes.

Spiral model
Linear model
Beta system (tested by users)
Design coding
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct definition of linear model given below.

A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the software models.
A non sequential sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
A non linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the Expert Systems.
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
Fuzzy logic is a subset of conventional (Boolean) logic.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the sets in which Membership Function is used.

Crisp set
Classical set
Fuzzy set
None of the given
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
The goal of knowledge analysis is to analyze and structure the knowledge gained during the planning phase.

True
False
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Identify correct statement for the given rule. IF The aptitude level of an undergraduate student is low and The English understanding level of undergraduate student is dull THEN He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies.

(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”)
(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
(deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
<=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
(defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
(UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Sequence wise main phases of Linear model used in developing expert systems are given below.

1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)System evaluation
4)Knowledge design
5)Code
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)System evaluation
5)Code
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)Code
5)System evaluation
6)Knowledge verification
1)Planning
2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
3)Knowledge design
4)Code
5)Knowledge verification
6)System evaluation
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
IF IELTS score of Ali is 6 and CGPA of Ali is 3.7 and GRE score of Ali is 66 Then He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad

(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
<=
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”)
(deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
(defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
(Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
=>
(printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Identify the step involved in planning phase.

Knowledge acquisition from expert
Coding
Resource allocation
Identify concrete knowledge elements
Answer: 3 Chapter No.
Question
Identify the correct step used to start design of an expert system.

Feasiblity study
Problem recognization
Scope study
Rapid prototyping
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
____________ learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new knowledge from the old.

Deductive
Inductive
Application
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
A concept is the representation of the __________ with respect to the given attributes.

Solution
Problem
Knowledge
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

Line
Layer
Neuron
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
If the true output of a concept [c(xi)] is 1 or 0 for an instance, then the output by our hypothesis [h(xi)] is 1 or 0 as well, respectively.

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
In Candidate-Elimination algorithm version space is represented by two sets named:

G and S
G and F
S and F
H and S
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally _________

True
False
Ambiguous
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning takes examples and generalizes rather than starting with __________ knowledge

Existing
Inductive
Deductive
None of the given
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
Machine learning is a prerequisite for any mature program of artificial intelligence

True
False
Answer: 1 Chapter No.
Question
The tractable problems are further divided into structured and ____________ problems

Non-structured
Complex
Simple
None of the given
Answer: 2 Chapter No.
Question
Which one is NOT the advantage of Neural Network

Excellent for pattern recognition
Excellent classifiers
Handles noisy data well
None of the given
Answer: 4 Chapter No.
Question
_________ is the process of formulating the mapping from a given input to an output using Fuzzy logic.

FIZ
FIS
FOS
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
The first step of FIND-S is to initialize h to the most specific hypothesis in __________: h = < Ø , Ø >

H
I
J
K
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Outputs of learning are determined by the ________

Application
Validation
Training
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally _______

TRUE
FALSE
Ambiguous
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Interactive Dichotomizer uses a special function ________, to evaluate the gain information of each attribute.

GAIN
GET
FIND
EVAL
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Machine learning typically follows ___________ phases according to Finlay.

Two
Three
Four
Five
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

Line
Layer
Neuron
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
Artificial Neural Networks is a new learning paradigm which takes its roots from _________ inspired approach to learning.

Chemistry
Physics
Biology
Mathematics
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
A concept is the representation of the __________ with respect to the given attributes.

Solution
Problem
Knowledge
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.
Question
The brain is a collection of about 100 ________ interconnected neurons.

Million
Billion
Trillion
None of the given
Answer: Chapter No.

CS607 Artificial Intelligence
Quiz 1 solvedCS607Quiz1Solved.pdf

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Spring 2019_CS607_1.doc
Assignment No. 01
Semester: Spring 2019
CS607: Artificial Intelligence

Total Marks: 20

Due Date:14/05/19

Instructions
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
♣ The assignment is submitted after due date.
♣ The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
♣ Solution is copied from any other source.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to;
♣ Learn and practice basic concepts of Graphs and trees
♣ Basic understanding of DFS by using Search algorithm.
Assignment

Question No. 1
Given the following graphs convert it into tree data structure.
A) In the following graph consider node 1 as your starting point
B) In the following graph consider node b as your starting point.

Question No. 2

Consider the search space below, where 1 is the start node and 10 is goal node. Show with the sequence of steps along with table displaying how does DFS work on given tree using simple search algorithm.


Submission
You are required to submit your solution through LMS as an MS Word document.