Compare both virtual machines to check which one is better than other, write at least two valid reasons in either case to support your answer.
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Re: CS508 GDB.1 Solution and Discussion
Question:
As you know C# and JAVA both are virtual machine based languages, Java’s virtual machine name is Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and C#.NET names it as Common Language Runtime (CLR).Compare both virtual machines to check which one is better than other, write at least two valid reasons in either case to support your answer.
Please share idea solution.
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A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual emulation of a computer operating system. Beyond that, though, there are two different implementations of this kind of system abstraction.
System virtual machines exist as fully-functional operating systems and are typically created as a substitute for using a physical machine.
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Java Virtual Machine (JVM) are both process virtual machines.
Top similarities between the CLR and JVM include:
Both Virtual Machines (VMs) Both include garbage collection Both employ stack-based operations Both include runtime-level security Both have methods for exception handling
Top differences between the CLR and JVM include:
CLR was designed to be language-neutral, JVM was designed to be Java-specific CLR was originally only Windows-compatible, JVM works with all major OSs CLR uses a JIT compiler, JVM uses a specialized JIT compiler called Java HotSpot CLR includes instructions for closures, coroutines and declaration/manipulation of pointers, the JVM does not JVM is compatible with more robust error resolution and production monitoring tools
The CLR and JVM are both virtual machines and they both perform platform-independent operations, namely, executing compiled source code. Essentially, these virtual machines both act as an intermediary step between the programmer’s source code and the system’s machine code, allowing for greater usability by various types of processors. In the image below, you can see how the high-level functions of the two are practically identical.
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Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystem. Much of Java’s syntax is derived from C++, which is also class-based and Object-Oriented. Java is being shipped in the form of JDK (Java Development Kit), which includes various components that are required to run a java program, however, not all the components of JDK are mandatory to run Java. The latest version is Java 10, released in March 2018.
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The source code once written in Java can be run on any platform, which is one of the biggest benefits. It is just that appropriate JRE must be installed on a required operating system which can be downloaded from Java’s official website. Java is portable, means a program written for any platform must run similarly on a combination of hardware and operating system.
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A compiler would convert Java source code to bytecode, and JVM (Java Virtual Machine) which is created inside JRE (Java Runtime Environment) would convert bytecode to machine code. Java has extensive support for concurrency, networking, and GUI (Graphic User Interface).
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C# was developed by Microsoft with its .NET initiative, with a development team led by Anders Hejlsberg. The latest version of C# is 7.2, which was released in 2017 along with visual studio 2017 version 15.5. So, it makes an excellent choice for any programmer who wishes to do web and game development. There are various cross-platform tools available that allow applications written in C# which can be used over mobile and desktop.
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C# comes along with multiple features, thus it can be easily learned. Many complex tasks are abstracted away by the language, so one does not have to worry about issues like memory management and garbage collection while developing logic for application or game. It is a high-level language that is easier to read.
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C# is a statically-typed language, so written source code is thoroughly checked before it turns into an application. C# is a complex language to learn and mastering it can take more time than a language like Python. One wishes to build advanced programs with C#, need to learn a substantial amount of code. It has grown quickly since it was first created, with extensive support from Microsoft.
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Head to Head Comparison Between Java vs C# (Infographics)
Below is the list of points that explain the key differences between Java vs C# performance
- Java is a great option for building complex web-based, highly concurrent application whereas C# is ideal for game development, mobile development.
- Java requires Java Development Kit which includes Java compiler and runs time environment to run Java on any machine whereas C# libraries are being shipped with a .NET framework with IDE like Visual Studio.
- Source code written in Java is compiled into bytecode and then bytecode is converted to machine code, ready to run on any platform whereas with C#, a code is interpreted into bytecode (MSIL) which is compiled by CLR and JIT compiler will convert MSIL into native machine code.
- Java is designed to execute on JRE (Java Runtime Environment), whereas C# is designed to execute on CLR (Common Language Runtime).
- Java is heavily used for building a complex application in an open source ecosystem whereas C# is mostly used to develop an application for Microsoft platforms.
- Java provides a clear difference between Checked and Unchecked exceptions whereas C# approach is minimalistic in nature by choosing only one type of exception.
- Java enables the polymorphism by default whereas with C#, one must invoke the “virtual” keyword in base-class and “override” keyword in a derived class.
- Java library ecosystem is vast and well documented which further assist in developing functionality at a decent pace whereas C# libraries work within the Microsoft ecosystem, which is limited as compared to Java.
- Java has traditionally a huge community providing open source libraries, so any need can be fulfilled with the libraries whereas free quality libraries support from Microsoft community is a downside for C#.
- Generic feature support in Java is compiler-assisted, implemented using erasures whereas C# takes generics further by integrating them into the CLI and allow type information to be available at runtime.
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Looking at these VMs at the highest-level, the differences between the CLR and JVM seem almost negligible. However, in many (if not most) cases, the differences at the VM-level mirror the key differences between the languages that use them. Because of the way these VMs, and their corresponding languages, were built, each functions slightly differently in order to provide the functional capabilities that their creators wanted to provide.
What do you think about the differences between the CLR and JVM? Will you choose your next programming language based on which VM it uses? Let us know in the comments below!