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Re: CS508 GDB.1 Solution and Discussion
Total Marks 5
Starting Date Monday, February 15, 2021
Closing Date Tuesday, February 16, 2021
Status Open
Question Title GDB
Question Description
In a programming world, Lambda Expression (i.e. lambda function) is essentially a block of code that can be assigned to a variable, passed as an argument, or returned from a function call. It has been part of several programming languages like Smalltalk, Lisp, Ruby, Scala, Python, Java and C# etc. for quite some time.In context of C# programming, a lambda can be used instead of an anonymous method/function where we do not need to provide access modifier, return type and even name of the method. For example, the following anonymous method checks if a student is teenager or not:
Listing 1: (anonymous method in C# to check if a student is teenager or not)
delegate(Student std) {
return std.Age > 12 && std.Age < 20;
}
While the same functionality can be achieved by using lambda as;
Listing 2: (checking if a student is teenager or not using lambda in C#)
std => std.Age > 12 && std.Age < 20;
Here, we can see that the code has been shortened (i.e. writability increased). However, it makes the code relatively difficult to understand as “std” in listing 2 is ambiguous (i.e. readability decreased). But what about Reliability?
Being a programming language expert, you are required to compare both approaches (i.e. code written with/without lambda) and state which one is better in terms of Reliability in C# programming language.
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Re: CS508 Assignment 3 Solution and Discussion Fall 2019
Assignment No. 03Semester Spring 2020
CS508- Modern Programming Languages
Total Marks: 20Due Date: July 27, 2020
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.Submission details
Following files must be submitted in a single zip or rar file.
• Code files(.java files)
• A .gif file which shows working of your application (For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.
If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give students an idea on how to implement Multithreading with Synchronization concepts in JAVA.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 27-30
Problem Statement:
Main class Factorial Class having one method which will calculate factorial named printfactorial(). Thread1 class which extends from Thread Class Thread2 class which also extends from Thread Class
You are required to create a multithreaded console application in java having 4 classes which will calculate factorial of last 4 digits of your student id. These classes would be as follow:
Working:
Store last four digits of your student ID in a two separate classes. For example, if your ID is bc123456789 then store 67 in first Thread1 Class and 89 in Thread2 Class that will be passed to Factorial class later.
Thread1 class will pass 67 to the Factorial class and printfactorial() will print factorial of all the numbers from 1 to 67.
Thread2 class will pass 89to the Factorial class and printfactorial() will print factorial of all the numbers from 1 to 89.
You should use thread.sleep(10) after each calculation inside the loop.
As you know that you cannot store and print factorial of large numbers in simple integer or long type variables, so you are required to use BigInteger to store and print very long numbers.
printfactorial() method must be synchronized so that results of Thread1 is printed first then the result of Thread2 is calculated and printed.
Note: Proper exception handling code must be written where required. -
Re: CS508 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion
Assignment No. 02
Semester Spring 2020
CS508- Modern Programming Languages
Total Marks: 20Due Date:12 June 2020
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.Submission details
Following files must be submitted in a single zip or rar file.
• Code file(.adb file)
• A .gif file which shows working of your application (For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.
If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give students idea on how to implement object oriented concepts in ADA.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 13 – 17
You will develop Ada console application in GNAT IDE. You can also use any online compiler to compile Ada.
Problem Statement:
As you know that we cannot implement inheritance in Ada directly as there is no concept of class in Ada, we need to use a mix of tagged types and packages.
You are required to create a tagged type as person and then another as men, the tagged type men will inherit from person type.
The person type has following attributes:
• Name: String
• Age: Integer
• Gender: BooleanFunctions:
And also a function named print() [This function will print all three attributes of type person]
The tagged type men have following attributes
• Height: float
• ID: String
Functions:
This type will also have one function named print() which must print all the attributes of type men and person as well.
When application starts an instance of type men will be created and detail of men will be taken from user input and assigned to men type object after that the added details will be printed on the console screen. -
Download the Compiler from Link Extract the file snobol4.exe (e.g. I have extracted the file in desktop folder in my Z drive) Download the sample code file from TEST.SNO VU-LMS (It is simple text file you can view and edit in
notepad)TEST.sno Put the TEST.SNO in the same directory where snobol4.exe is Enter the following command SNOBOL4 TEST /q; you will see the output of the program if there is
no error.
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Re: CS508 Assignment No. 01 Solution and Discussion
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
The assignment is submitted after due date.
The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.Submission details
Following files must be submitted in a single zip or rar file.
Code file(.sno file)
A .gif file which shows working of your application (For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give hands on practice on Snobol programming language.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 1 - 9
You are required to create a Snobol Console Program.
You will use Snobol4 Compiler to compile Snobol code, if you are using a 64-bit operating system then Snobol4 compiler will not work directly you need to use DOSBox to run the compiler and compiler code.(Tutorial document has already been uploaded on Lms on how to compile code in DOSBox).
Please note that you cannot use any online compiler.
Problem Statement:
You need to create a console application in Snobol which will execute nested loop based on your student id.
Last four digits of your id will be used in both loops.
For example, if your id is bc120401122 then outer loop will execute 11 times and inner loop will execute 22 times.
First print your id on top of the console screen.
Then inside both loops print no of times the loop has executed.
You can hardcode your id in your code or take input from user.
Make sure to write your id on top of the program otherwise your assignment will not be accepted. -
Re: CS508 GDB.1 Solution and Discussion
Question:
As you know C# and JAVA both are virtual machine based languages, Java’s virtual machine name is Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and C#.NET names it as Common Language Runtime (CLR).Compare both virtual machines to check which one is better than other, write at least two valid reasons in either case to support your answer.
Please share idea solution.
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Quiz No 2 Total Questions : 10
Quiz will be based upon Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). You have to attempt the quiz online. You can start attempting the quiz any time within given date(s) of a particular subject by clicking the link for Quiz in VULMS. Each question has a fixed time of 90 seconds. So you have to save your answer before 90 seconds. But due to unstable internet speeds, it is recommended that you should save your answer within 60 seconds. While attempting a question, keep an eye on the remaining time. Attempting quiz is unidirectional. Once you move forward to the next question, you can not go back to the previous one. Therefore before moving to the next question, make sure that you have selected the best option. DO NOT press Back Button / Backspace Button while attempting a question, otherwise you will lose that question. DO NOT refresh the page unnecessarily, specially when following messages appear Saving... Question Timeout: Now loading next question... Javascript MUST be enabled in your browser; otherwise you will not be able to attempt the quiz. If for any reason, you lose access to internet (like power failure or disconnection of internet), you will be able to attempt the quiz again from the question next to the last shown question. But remember that you have to complete the quiz before expiry of the deadline. If any student failed to attempt the quiz in given time then no re-take or offline quiz will be held.
Please read the following instructions carefully! -
Quiz No 3 Total Questions : 10
Please read the following instructions carefully!
Quiz will be based upon Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs).You have to attempt the quiz online. You can start attempting the quiz any time within given date(s) of a particular subject by clicking the link for Quiz in VULMS.
Each question has a fixed time of 90 seconds. So you have to save your answer before 90 seconds. But due to unstable internet speeds, it is recommended that you should save your answer within 60 seconds. While attempting a question, keep an eye on the remaining time.
Attempting quiz is unidirectional. Once you move forward to the next question, you can not go back to the previous one. Therefore before moving to the next question, make sure that you have selected the best option.
DO NOT press Back Button / Backspace Button while attempting a question, otherwise you will lose that question.
DO NOT refresh the page unnecessarily, specially when following messages appear
Saving…
Question Timeout: Now loading next question…Javascript MUST be enabled in your browser; otherwise you will not be able to attempt the quiz.
If for any reason, you lose access to internet (like power failure or disconnection of internet), you will be able to attempt the quiz again from the question next to the last shown question. But remember that you have to complete the quiz before expiry of the deadline.
If any student failed to attempt the quiz in given time then no re-take or offline quiz will be held.
Start Quiz
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Assignment No. 03
Semester Fall 2019
CS508 - Modern Programming Languages
Total Marks: 20Due Date:16 January 2020
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student, handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.Submission details
Following Files Must be submitted in a single .zip or .rar file.
• Code file(s) .java file only
• A .gif file which shows working of your Application (For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
You are not required to submit the complete project, only copy these files from project folder. Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.
If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give hands on practice on Java programming language.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 27 – 31
Problem Statement:
You are required to create a multithreaded java console application which will read a text file and write processed output in another text file.
Last Number in ID Character to calculate Last Number in ID Character to calculate 0 ! 5 & 1 @ 6 ( 2 # 7 ) 3 $ 8 _(Underscore) 4 % 9 =
• The program will be able to read the text file provided named input.txt using a separate thread.
• Calculate the number of characters in the file as per your student id.
• Last number of your student id is the character your program will calculate from the given list below.• Output the result on the screen.
• Create a new thread which will create an output file and store the result in that file.Output.gif has been attached with this Assignment file please observe this file carefully your program’s output must be like this output file.
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Assignment No. 02
Semester Fall 2019
CS508- Modern Programming Languages
Total Marks: 20Due Date:29 November 2019
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.Submission details
Following files must be submitted in a single zip or rar file.
• Code file(s)
• A .gif file which shows working of your application (For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
You are not required to submit the complete project, only copy these files from project folder. Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.
If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give hands on practice on Ada programming language.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 13 – 15
Output.gif has been attached with this Assignment file please observe this file carefully your program’s output must be like this output file.
You are required to create an Ada Console Program using GNAT.
Problem Statement:
Create an Ada program which will read a text file and print all the data on the console.
• Create a text file named as StudentID.txt.
• Add Name, Student ID and semester in the text file.
• The program will print all the data line by line on the console.
• If the file is not found then appropriate error must be printed.
• If the file is found but no data exist inside the file then “no data inside file” must be printed.
Make sure to write your id on top of the program otherwise your assignment will not be accepted. -
Assignment No. 01 Semester Fall 2019
CS508- Modern Programming Languages Total Marks: 20Due Date: Tuesday, 12 November 2019.
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .doc or .docx format.
Uploading instructions
Your submission must include:
• Assignment should be in .doc or .docx format.
• Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx180200786.doc).
Assignment submission through email is NOT acceptable
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to learn how we can evaluate different programming languages based on syntax.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications.
• Font style: “Times New Roman”
• Font color: “Black”
• Font size: “12”
• Bold for heading only.
• Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
• Your answer should be precise and to the point, avoid irrelevant detail.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 01 – 07
Deadline
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted at or before Tuesday, 12 November 2019.In this assignment we will evaluate 3 different languages on the basis of CPU time and Memory used for compilation.
3 languages we will be using are:
• Java
• C#
• C++
We will use nested loop which will execute finite number of times. For the sake of consistency, we will be using an online compiler of each language from the same website.
First you need to calculate the number of time both loops will run, for that we will use student id.
From the last 4 numbers of student id, first two characters will be number of times the outer loop will execute and last two characters will be number of times the inner loop will execute.
So, for example if student id is BC180201429 thenThe outer loop will execute 14 times and inner loop will execute 29 times.
Use the following compiler https://www.jdoodle.com/.Note down the CPU Time and memory Used for all the languages and fill the following table with CPU time memory and write the code for all 3 languages also take screen shots for each language and paste it in your solution file.
Language Code CPU Time Memory Used
You must write your student ID and language name in the code so it can be shown in the screen shot as attached below:
You are required to attach screen shots for all 3 languages showing output and resources used.
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Assignment No. 03 Semester Spring 2019
CS508- Modern Programming LanguagesTotal Marks: 20
Due Date: July 31, 2019
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student, handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.
Uploading instructions
Your submission must include:
• Assignment should be in .rar format.
• Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx180200786.rar).
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give hands on practice on Java programming language.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 27 – 33
Deadline
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted at or before July 31, 2019.Problem Statement:
Make sure to write your id on top of the code file (As shown in the gif file) otherwise your assignment will not be accepted.
First the paragraph will be inserted. Next the user will be asked to input words. Words will be inserted all at once without any space between the words, and words will be comma separated (example shown in the gif file). The application will check each word in the given paragraph and will output success or frailer for each word on a separate line checking must be case sensitive.
Create a console application in java, where you will input a paragraph and also input some words and application will match all the words in the given paragraph to output success or failure for all words.
You can install NetBeans IDE or simple java Compiler to develop application.Output.gif has been attached with this Assignment file please observe this file carefully your program’s output must be like this output file.
Submission details
Following Files Must be submitted in a single .zip or .rar file.
• Code file(s) .java file only
• A .gif file which shows working of your Application(For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
You are not required to submit the complete project, only copy these files from project folder. Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.
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Please read the following instructions carefully!
Quiz will be based upon Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs).You have to attempt the quiz online. You can start attempting the quiz any time within given date(s) of a particular subject by clicking the link for Quiz in VULMS.
Each question has a fixed time of 90 seconds. So you have to save your answer before 90 seconds. But due to unstable internet speeds, it is recommended that you should save your answer within 60 seconds. While attempting a question, keep an eye on the remaining time.
Attempting quiz is unidirectional. Once you move forward to the next question, you can not go back to the previous one. Therefore before moving to the next question, make sure that you have selected the best option.
DO NOT press Back Button / Backspace Button while attempting a question, otherwise you will lose that question.
DO NOT refresh the page unnecessarily, specially when following messages appear
Saving…
Question Timeout: Now loading next question…Javascript MUST be enabled in your browser; otherwise you will not be able to attempt the quiz.
If for any reason, you lose access to internet (like power failure or disconnection of internet), you will be able to attempt the quiz again from the question next to the last shown question. But remember that you have to complete the quiz before expiry of the deadline.
If any student failed to attempt the quiz in given time then no re-take or offline quiz will be held.
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Please share your current Quiz.
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Assignment No. 02 Semester Spring 2019
CS508- Modern Programming LanguagesTotal Marks: 20
Due Date: May 31, 2019
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .rar format.
Uploading instructions
Your submission must include:
• Assignment should be in .rar format.
• Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx180200786.rar).
Assignment submission through email is NOT acceptable
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to give hands on practice on Ada programming language.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 13 – 15
Deadline
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted at or before May 31, 2019.
You are required to create an Ada Console Program using GNAT.
Problem Statement:
Create an Ada program which will take Student Name, Student ID and CGPA then store it in file named studentdata.txt.
Ask the user to input name, id and CGPA one by one, and then write it in the file. Existing data must not be overwritten by current data, to accomplish this you can first read the file and store all the existing data and later on combine new and existing data and write into the file or you can use other methods to embed the new text.
• If file does not already exist then program must create new file.
• You need to record a gif file to show the working of your program.
• Do insert data of 2 students to show the proper working i.e. the data is not being overwritten.
Make sure to write your id on top of the program otherwise your assignment will not be accepted.Output.gif has been attached with this Assignment file please observe this file carefully your program’s output must be like this output file.
Submission details
Following Files Must be submitted in a single zip or rar file.
• Code file(s)
• A .gif file which shows working of your Application(For Recording .gif a software named Screentogif is uploaded on LMS, or you can use any other gif recording tool as well)
You are not required to submit the complete project, only copy these files from project folder. Please note if you submit doc or txt file you will be awarded 0 marks. Make sure to write your own VU ID in the assignment file(s) otherwise assignment will not be accepted.If you do not submit any of the above mentioned file 50% marks per file will be deducted.
Output GIF
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Assignment No. 01 Semester Spring 2019
CS508- Modern Programming LanguagesTotal Marks: 20
Due Date: May 14, 2019
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:
• The assignment is submitted after due date.
• The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt.
• The assignment is completely or partially copied from (other student or ditto copied from handouts or internet).
• Student ID is not mentioned in the assignment File or name of file is other than student ID.
• The assignment is not submitted in .doc or .docx format.
Uploading instructions
Your submission must include:
• Assignment should be in .doc or .docx format.
• Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx180200786.doc).
Assignment submission through email is NOT acceptable
Objective
The objective of this assignment is to learn how we can evaluate different programming languages based on syntax.
Note:
Your answer must follow the below given specifications.
• Font style: “Times New Roman”
• Font color: “Black”
• Font size: “12”
• Bold for heading only.
• Font in Italic is not allowed at all.
• Your answer should be precise and to the point, avoid irrelevant detail.Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 01 – 07
Deadline
Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted at or before May 14, 2019.Q1.(8 Marks)
SR NoLanguage Name
For loop Syntax
1
JAVA
for(int i=1;i<11;i++){ System.out.println(i); }2
Python
for x in range(1,11): print(x)3
Kotlin
for (i in 1..10) { println(i) }4
Swift
for i in 1...10 { print(i) }Given below is for loop syntax to ‘print 1 to 10 numbers’ in 4 different Programming languages:
You are required to calculate points of each language on the basis of following aspects:
Readability Reliability Cost/Programming effort
You have total 30 points for each language.10 points for each aspect based on your opinion.
Scale: 1 point lowest and 10 highest
Q2.(12 Marks):
Now explain each point according to winning language in each category for example if python has higher points in Readability then explain why this language has higher points in this section as compared to other languages given above. If there is a tie in 2 languages in the same category then explain both.
Note: Only consider the code of each language which is written above while calculating the points.
Please share mid term past papers
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- Smalltalk was the first purest ______ language and pioneered graphical user interface.
Object Oriented
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Which of the following is the incorrect option form the following statements regarding ‘objectives of learning new languages’ ?
Help in understanding the language privacy policy. -
Binary operator in SNOBOL must has at least _____ spaces on both sides.
1 -
A space is used as ______ for concatenation.
Operator -
- Sign is used for ______ in SONOBOL.
Line Continuation
- Sign is used for ______ in SONOBOL.
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Following are some of the reasons for studying concepts related to different
programming languages EXCEPT
Increased capability to design communication links -
COBOL was the first language that brings the concept of _________ .
Structure -
A language evaluation criteria includes following factor EXCEPT
Modularity
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Note that, in C++, similar problems can arise when a class that has pointer data members is passed by value. This problem is addressed by the use of copy constructors, which can be defined to make copies of the values pointed to, rather than just making copies of the pointers. In Java, the solution is to use the arraycopy operation, or to use a class’s clone operation. Cloning will be discussed later.
Early Multiple Selectors-
FORTRAN arithmetic IF (a three-way selector)
- IF (arithmetic expression) N1, N2, N3
Bad aspects: - Not encapsulated
(Selectable segments could be anywhere) - Segments require GOTO’s
- IF (arithmetic expression) N1, N2, N3
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Write three different methods how to write strings in PHP? 3
Answer:
Strings
PHP strings are created using single quote or double quote.
They can also be created by <<< which is called heredoc. One should provide an identifier after <<<, then the string, and then the same identifier to close the quotation. The closing identifier must begin in the first column of the line. -
How to convert PHP string in numeric value? 2
Answer:
String conversion to numbers
When a string is evaluated as a numeric value, the resulting value and type are determined as follows.
• The string will evaluate as a float if it contains any of the characters ‘.’, ‘e’, or ‘E’. Otherwise, it will evaluate as an integer.
• The value is given by the initial portion of the string. If the string starts with valid numeric data, this will be the value used. Otherwise, the value will be 0 (zero).
Here is an example:
<?php
$foo = 2 + “10.5”; // $foo is float (12.5)
$foo = 1 + “-1.1e3”; // $foo is float (-1099)
$foo = 1 + “Ali-1.3e3"; // $foo is integer (1)
$foo = 1 + “10 Small Cats”; // $foo is integer (11)
$foo = "10.0 cats " + 1; // $foo is float (11)
?>
Using strings in numeric expressions provides flexibility but it should be obvious that it also is a source to numerous programming errors and mistakes. This kind of error is also very hard to debug and detect. -
Discuss readability problem using control statements? 2
Answer:
Readability
Readability is directly related to the cost of maintenance. The different factors that impact readability are:
Control Statements
Control statements also play an important role in readability. We are all aware of the hazards of goto statement. If a language relies on goto statements for control flow, the logic becomes difficult to follows and hence understands and maintain. Restricted use of goto in extreme was needed and useful as well but with the emergence of new language constructs to handle those situations, it probably not an issue any more. -
What are the enumeration and subrange types? Differentiate these two in points.
Answer:
An enumeration type is one in which all of the possible values, which are named constants, are provided in the definition. Enumeration types provide a way of defining and grouping collections of name constants, which are called enumeration constants. An example in C#:
enum days {Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun};
A subrange type is a contiguous subsequence of an ordinal type. For example, p. 264 12 … 14 is a subrange of integer type. -
Differentiate between the implicit and explicit type conversion with respect to Java. (5)
Answer:
Type Conversion
Java is much stronger than C++ in the type conversions that are allowed.
Here we discuss conversions among primitive types. Conversions among class objects will be discussed later.
Booleans cannot be converted to other types. For the other primitive types (char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double), there are two kinds of conversion: implicit and explicit.
Implicit conversions:
An implicit conversion means that a value of one type is changed to a value of another type without any special directive from the programmer. A char can be implicitly converted to an int, a long, a float, or a double. For example, the following will compile without error:char c = 'a'; int k = c; long x = c; float y = c; double d = c;
For the other (numeric) primitive types, the basic rule is that implicit conversions can be done from one type to another if the range of values of the first type is a subset of the range of values of the second type. For example, a byte can be converted to a short, int, long or float; a short can be converted to an int, long, float, or double, etc.
Explicit conversions:
Explicit conversions are done via casting: the name of the type to which you want a value converted is given, in parentheses, in front of the value. For example, the following code uses casts to convert a value of type double to a value of type int, and to convert a value of type double to a value of type short:
double d = 5.6; int k = (int)d; short s = (short)(d * 2.0);
Casting can be used to convert among any of the primitive types except boolean. Note, however, that casting can lose information; for example, floating-point values are truncated when they are cast to integers (e.g., the value of k in the code fragment given above is 5), and casting among integer types can produce wildly different values (because upper bits, possibly including the sign bit, are lost).-
What are interpreted and compiled languages? Give examples (5)
Answer:
In an interpreted environment, the instructions are executed immediately after parsing. Both tasks are performed by the interpreter. Interpreted languages include the MS-Dos Batch language (the OS itself is the interpreter), shell scripts in Unix/Linux systems, Java, Perl and BASICA (a very old BASIC language). Advantages of interpreted languages include relative ease of programming (since once you type your instructions into a text file, the interpreter can run it) and no linker is required. Disadvantages include poor speed performance and that you do not generate an executable (and therefore distributable) program. The interpreter must be present on a system to run the program.
Modern programming contexts like ‘virtual machines’ managed frameworks are essentially interpreters. These are designed so that any architecture specific information is handled by the virtual machine, allowing the same source code to run on any type of platform.
Compilers parse the instructions into machine code and store them in a separate file for later execution. Many modern compilers can compile (parse) and execute in memory, giving the ‘appearance’ of an interpreted language. However, the key difference is that parsing and execution occurs in two distinct steps. Examples include newer forms of BASIC (such as Visual Basic), C/C++, Delphi and many others. In a compiled environment, you may speak of several separate files: source code (the text instructions you actually enter), object code (the parsed source code) and the executable (the linked object code). There is definitely an increase in complexity in using compilers, but the key advantages are speed performance and that you can distribute stand-alone executables.
Whether using a compiled or interpreted language, you will likely need a text editor in which to enter your instructions. Many compilers come complete with integrated editors optimized for working with the specific language. Using these editors is really not much different from using general text editing tools and word processors, though they may look quite different. One key point here is that so long as you follow the proper format requirements for a given interpreter or compiler, you can use any text editor you chose to construct and edit your source code. -
Differentiate between client side scripting and server side scripting languages? (5)
Answer:
JavaScript – client side scripting
Primary objective of JavaScript is to create dynamic HTML documents and check validity of input forms. It is usually embedded in an HTML document. It is not really related to Java
PHP (Personal Home Page) – server-side scripting
It is interpreted on the Web Server when the HTML document in which embedded is requested by the browser. It often produces HTML code as an output and is very similar to JavaScript. It allows simple access to HTML form data and makes form processing easy. It also provides support for many different database management systems and hence provides Web access to databases. -
Describe the programming steps in Prolog? (5)
Answer:
PROLOG programming follows the following steps:
¬ Declaring some facts about objects and their relationships
¬ Defining some rules about objects and their relationships
¬ Asking questions about objects and their relationships -
Explain the Prolog features regarding its applications in real world. (5)
Answer:
You can find PROLOG in areas like expert systems or theorem provers construction. The variant of PROLOG called DATALOG is used in database management.
Prolog is a declarative programming language where we only specify what we need rather than how to do it. It has a simple concise syntax with built-in tree formation and backtracking which generates readable code which is easy to maintain. It is relatively case and type insensitive and is suitable for problem solving / searching, expert systems / knowledge representation, language processing / parsing and NLP, and game playing.
Efficiency is definitely is negative point. While writing programs one has to be aware of the left recursion, failing to do that may result in infinite loops. It has a steep learning curve and suffers from lack of standardization -
Define and explain “throws Clause” and the “finally Clause” with respect to exception handling in Java. (5)
Answer:
Throws Clause
Throws clause is overloaded in C++ and conveys two different meanings: one as specification and the other as command. Java is similar in syntax but different in semantics. The appearance of an exception class name in the throws clause of Java method specifies that the exception class or any of its descendents can be thrown by the method.
A C++ program unit that does not include a throw clause can throw any exceptions. A Java method that does not include a throws cannot throw any checked exception it does not handle. A method cannot declare more exceptions in its throws clause than the methods it overrides, though it may declare fewer. A method that does not throw a particular exception, but calls another method that could throw the exception, must list the exception in its throws clause.
The finally clause
A Java exception handler may have a finally clause. A finally clause always executes when its try block executes (whether or not there is an exception). The finally clause is written as shown below:
try {
…
}
catch (…) {
…
}
…
finally {
…
}
A finally clause is usually included to make sure that some clean-up (e.g., closing opened files) is done. If the finally clause includes a transfer of control statement (return, break, continue, throw) then that statement overrides any transfer of control initiated in the try or in a catch clause.
46. How do Ada and COBOL differ by syntax and semantics in referencing a record element? Give examples of each (5)
Answer:Q.1: Discuss the significance of readability as the language evaluation criterion. Readability:
Q.2: Convert the following code in C in to equivalent LISP code using the most appropriate constructs:
Q.3: Identify the mistake(s) in the following Ada code segment. After correcting it, convert it into equivalent C and LISP code:
Q.4: We studied several reasons to study programming languages. With that context in mind discuss:
(a) Increased capacity to express programming concepts
(b) Improved background for choosing appropriate languages and show the output.
Q.5: For the following SNOBOL program, explain the meaning of each line
Q.6: Discuss the difference between enumeration types of C and Ada. Which is better and why?Q.1. what is quoted atom in prolog ?
Quoted atoms - sequence of characters surrounded by single quotes. Examples: ‘Apple’ ‘hello world’
Q. 2. what is subprogram issues in different languages ? Q. 3. what seal struct and abstract means in C# ?
An abstract class is any class thatincludes an abstract method. It is similar to Pure virtual in C++.If a class includes an abstract method, the class must be declared abstract, too.
Q. 4. How to differentiate between c and c++ ? Q. 5. what is notify and wait in java?
Threads are based upon the concept of a Monitor. The wait and notify methods are used just like wait and signal in a Monitor. They allow two threads to cooperate and based on
a single shared lock object. Q.6. what query in prolog?
Queries are used to retrieve information from the database. A query is a pattern that
PROLOG is asked to match against the database and has the syntax of a compound query.
It may contain variables. A query will cause PROLOG to look at the database, try to find a match for the query pattern, execute the body of the matching head, and return an
answer Q.7. How to differentiate between c++ and java? Q.8. what is monitor in java thread?
Threads are based upon the concept of a Monitor. The wait and notify methods are used just like wait and signal in a Monitor. They allow two threads to cooperate and based on a single shared lock object. Q.9. what is managed code?
Managed code is executed under the control of Common Language Runtime (CRL).
It has automatic garbage collection. That is, the dynamically allocated memory area which is no longer is in use is not destroyed by the programmer explicitly. It is rather automatically returned back to heap by the built-in garbage collector. There is no explicit memory’s allocation and deallocation and there is no explicit call to the garbage collector. Q.10. how many ways the static binding can be define?
A binding is static if it occurs before run time and remains unchanged throughout program execution
CS508 Solved Papers of Modern Programming Languages Final Term fall 2010 (Subjective and Objective Part) Question Papers
For Recursion it is necessary that a language
1)Dynamic
Static
Both dynamic and static
Stack
2) Object in java script can be accessed through ………
Reference pointer method
None of the above
3) object in java script can be access different techniques
• Java script
• C++
• C#
• Ada
4)A … implicit… is a default mechanism for specify types of variable?
5)A reserved word is a special word that cannot be used as a user-defined name
6) Variable use in VB without declaring decrease reliability and increase ……- Readably
- Writeable
- Cost
- compile time
7).Dot operator in a …. SNOBOL? - Reference pointer
- Unary pointer
- Class pointer
- Binary pointer
8)The GOTO statement in SNOBOL is …… - Explicit
- Punter method
- Implementation
- An Indirect Reference
- Ada has … do while loop just like C++
- Also
- No
- Defective
- None of the above
- We use tagged type inAda……
- The last value execution in the ……LISP is the return value
- Autom
- Object
12)Dotimes loop of LISP similar working to ada
For
Switch loop
Do while
While
13)Capital letter or underscore in PROLOG
14)Variable in PROLOG …. Are any value is associated that can not be changed.
15)Control structure is a ……if…… statement
16)……… anonymous ………… is placeholder value that is not required
Prolog variable are actually constant placeholders and NOT really variables.
17)One difference LISP and PROLOG is - AI
- Puzzle
- Game
18)…PROLOG. Is very effective solving puzzle?
19)…java… is support oop?
20)Variable of ………. Is not an object of java - Primitive
- Reference
- Integer type
- Both reference and Primitive
21)In ……… handling throw class is overloaded
C++
Java
C#
C# and java
22)C# and C++ have ……… size
Same
Different
Distinct
None of the given
- In C## struct are used as …………
- Javascript …related… from java languafe
- In … …… we have to address the client side compatibility issue.
26 _______exception inherits from exception class and _________ exception is anywhere in the program.
Select correct option:
Java , C#
C++ , C# c
C# , Java
Java ,C++
Two example of predefined reference type in C#? 2 marks
Reference Types
arrays classes
There are no struct, union, enum, unsigned, typedef, or pointers types in Java
Differnet of C and C++ 2 marks
C++ Differs from C in two ways:
- The control expression can also be Boolean
- The initial expression can include variable definitions (scope is from the definition to the end of the function in which it is defined).
- What is DOM?
Document Object Model - Two examples of atoms in PROLOG syntax?
Atoms:
Atoms include numbers, symbols, and strings. It supports both real numbers and integers.
symbols: a symbol in LISP is a consecutive sequence of characters (no space). For example a, x, and price-of-beef are symbols. There are two special symbols: T and NIL for logical true and false.
strings: a string is a sequence of characters bounded by double quotes. For example “this is red” is a string.
Note language genrality? 2marks
What term Class attribute in C#? marks
Difference between proper example Union type and ada discriminated type? 2marks
What is the function of cut(!) predicate in PROLOG? 2 marks
Division by zero is an expression? what type of error is this and either handled by compiler or it through exception? 3marks
How Short circuit evolution is performed inAdaand fortran? 3 marks
Problem with Short Circuiting
(a > b) || (b++ / 3)
Short-circuit evaluation exposes the potential
problem of side effects in expressions
Discuss the issue related with declaring a method/class as final java? 3 marks
Solution:
Final Fields and Methods
Fields and methods can also be declared final. A final method cannot be overridden in a subclass. A final field is like a constant: once it has been given a value, it cannot be assigned to again.
Difference between Actual Parameter and Predicate parameter? 3 marks
With suitable examples the concept of boxing in C#. How C# is different there concept from other languages? 3 marks
Sol:
Boxing
Boxing is converting any value type to corresponding object type and convert the resultant ‘boxed’ type back again.
int i = 123; object box = i; // value of i is copied to the object box
if (box is int){ // runtime type of box is returned as
// boxed value type
Console.Write(“Box contains an int”);
// this line is printed
}
Notation of actual /formal Parameters? 3 marks
Solution?
Actual/Formal Parameter Correspondence:- Positional
- Keyword
e.g. SORT(LIST => A, LENGTH => N);
Default Parameter Values
procedure SORT(LIST : LIST_TYPE;
LENGTH : INTEGER := 100);
…
SORT(LIST => A);
Dangling pointer how to state in java? 5marks
Aliasing Problem in java Script? with suitable examples. 5 marks
Solution:
Aliasing Problems in Java
The fact that arrays and classes are really pointers in Java can lead to some problems. Here is a simple assignment that causes aliasing:
int [] A = new int [4];
Int [] B = new int [2];
This is depicted as below:
This obviously creates problems. Therefore, as a programmer you have to be very careful when writing programs in Java.
In Java, all parameters are passed by value, but for arrays and classes the actual parameter is really a pointer, so changing an array element, or a class field inside the function does change the actual parameter’s element or field.
This is elaborated with the help of the following example:
A ) {
A[0] = 10; // change an element of parameter A
A = null; // change A itself
}
void g() {
B = new int [3];
B[0] = 5;
f(B);
// B is not null here, because B itself was passed by value
// however, B[0] is now 10, because function f changed the
// first element of the array
}
Note that, in C++, similar problems can arise when a class that has pointer data members is passed by value. This problem is addressed by the use of copy constructors, which can be defined to make copies of the values pointed to, rather than just making copies of the pointers. In Java, the solution is to use the arraycopy operation, or to use a class’s clone operation. Cloning will be discussed later -
-
Note that, in C++, similar problems can arise when a class that has pointer data members is passed by value. This problem is addressed by the use of copy constructors, which can be defined to make copies of the values pointed to, rather than just making copies of the pointers. In Java, the solution is to use the arraycopy operation, or to use a class’s clone operation. Cloning will be discussed later.
Early Multiple Selectors-
FORTRAN arithmetic IF (a three-way selector)
- IF (arithmetic expression) N1, N2, N3
Bad aspects: - Not encapsulated
(Selectable segments could be anywhere) - Segments require GOTO’s
- IF (arithmetic expression) N1, N2, N3
-
Write three different methods how to write strings in PHP? 3
Answer:
Strings
PHP strings are created using single quote or double quote.
They can also be created by <<< which is called heredoc. One should provide an identifier after <<<, then the string, and then the same identifier to close the quotation. The closing identifier must begin in the first column of the line. -
How to convert PHP string in numeric value? 2
Answer:
String conversion to numbers
When a string is evaluated as a numeric value, the resulting value and type are determined as follows.
• The string will evaluate as a float if it contains any of the characters ‘.’, ‘e’, or ‘E’. Otherwise, it will evaluate as an integer.
• The value is given by the initial portion of the string. If the string starts with valid numeric data, this will be the value used. Otherwise, the value will be 0 (zero).
Here is an example:
<?php
$foo = 2 + “10.5”; // $foo is float (12.5)
$foo = 1 + “-1.1e3”; // $foo is float (-1099)
$foo = 1 + “Ali-1.3e3"; // $foo is integer (1)
$foo = 1 + “10 Small Cats”; // $foo is integer (11)
$foo = "10.0 cats " + 1; // $foo is float (11)
?>
Using strings in numeric expressions provides flexibility but it should be obvious that it also is a source to numerous programming errors and mistakes. This kind of error is also very hard to debug and detect. -
Discuss readability problem using control statements? 2
Answer:
Readability
Readability is directly related to the cost of maintenance. The different factors that impact readability are:
Control Statements
Control statements also play an important role in readability. We are all aware of the hazards of goto statement. If a language relies on goto statements for control flow, the logic becomes difficult to follows and hence understands and maintain. Restricted use of goto in extreme was needed and useful as well but with the emergence of new language constructs to handle those situations, it probably not an issue any more. -
What are the enumeration and subrange types? Differentiate these two in points.
Answer:
An enumeration type is one in which all of the possible values, which are named constants, are provided in the definition. Enumeration types provide a way of defining and grouping collections of name constants, which are called enumeration constants. An example in C#:
enum days {Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun};
A subrange type is a contiguous subsequence of an ordinal type. For example, p. 264 12 … 14 is a subrange of integer type. -
Differentiate between the implicit and explicit type conversion with respect to Java. (5)
Answer:
Type Conversion
Java is much stronger than C++ in the type conversions that are allowed.
Here we discuss conversions among primitive types. Conversions among class objects will be discussed later.
Booleans cannot be converted to other types. For the other primitive types (char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double), there are two kinds of conversion: implicit and explicit.
Implicit conversions:
An implicit conversion means that a value of one type is changed to a value of another type without any special directive from the programmer. A char can be implicitly converted to an int, a long, a float, or a double. For example, the following will compile without error:char c = 'a'; int k = c; long x = c; float y = c; double d = c;
For the other (numeric) primitive types, the basic rule is that implicit conversions can be done from one type to another if the range of values of the first type is a subset of the range of values of the second type. For example, a byte can be converted to a short, int, long or float; a short can be converted to an int, long, float, or double, etc.
Explicit conversions:
Explicit conversions are done via casting: the name of the type to which you want a value converted is given, in parentheses, in front of the value. For example, the following code uses casts to convert a value of type double to a value of type int, and to convert a value of type double to a value of type short:
double d = 5.6; int k = (int)d; short s = (short)(d * 2.0);
Casting can be used to convert among any of the primitive types except boolean. Note, however, that casting can lose information; for example, floating-point values are truncated when they are cast to integers (e.g., the value of k in the code fragment given above is 5), and casting among integer types can produce wildly different values (because upper bits, possibly including the sign bit, are lost).-
What are interpreted and compiled languages? Give examples (5)
Answer:
n an interpreted environment, the instructions are executed immediately after parsing. Both tasks are performed by the interpreter. Interpreted languages include the MS-Dos Batch language (the OS itself is the interpreter), shell scripts in Unix/Linux systems, Java, Perl and BASICA (a very old BASIC language). Advantages of interpreted languages include relative ease of programming (since once you type your instructions into a text file, the interpreter can run it) and no linker is required. Disadvantages include poor speed performance and that you do not generate an executable (and therefore distributable) program. The interpreter must be present on a system to run the program.
Modern programming contexts like ‘virtual machines’ managed frameworks are essentially interpreters. These are designed so that any architecture specific information is handled by the virtual machine, allowing the same source code to run on any type of platform.
Compilers parse the instructions into machine code and store them in a separate file for later execution. Many modern compilers can compile (parse) and execute in memory, giving the ‘appearance’ of an interpreted language. However, the key difference is that parsing and execution occurs in two distinct steps. Examples include newer forms of BASIC (such as Visual Basic), C/C++, Delphi and many others. In a compiled environment, you may speak of several separate files: source code (the text instructions you actually enter), object code (the parsed source code) and the executable (the linked object code). There is definitely an increase in complexity in using compilers, but the key advantages are speed performance and that you can distribute stand-alone executables.
Whether using a compiled or interpreted language, you will likely need a text editor in which to enter your instructions. Many compilers come complete with integrated editors optimized for working with the specific language. Using these editors is really not much different from using general text editing tools and word processors, though they may look quite different. One key point here is that so long as you follow the proper format requirements for a given interpreter or compiler, you can use any text editor you chose to construct and edit your source code. -
Differentiate between client side scripting and server side scripting languages? (5)
Answer:
JavaScript – client side scripting
Primary objective of JavaScript is to create dynamic HTML documents and check validity of input forms. It is usually embedded in an HTML document. It is not really related to Java
PHP (Personal Home Page) – server-side scripting
It is interpreted on the Web Server when the HTML document in which embedded is requested by the browser. It often produces HTML code as an output and is very similar to JavaScript. It allows simple access to HTML form data and makes form processing easy. It also provides support for many different database management systems and hence provides Web access to databases. -
Describe the programming steps in Prolog? (5)
Answer:
PROLOG programming follows the following steps:
¬ Declaring some facts about objects and their relationships
¬ Defining some rules about objects and their relationships
¬ Asking questions about objects and their relationships -
Explain the Prolog features regarding its applications in real world. (5)
Answer:
You can find PROLOG in areas like expert systems or theorem provers construction. The variant of PROLOG called DATALOG is used in database management.
Prolog is a declarative programming language where we only specify what we need rather than how to do it. It has a simple concise syntax with built-in tree formation and backtracking which generates readable code which is easy to maintain. It is relatively case and type insensitive and is suitable for problem solving / searching, expert systems / knowledge representation, language processing / parsing and NLP, and game playing.
Efficiency is definitely is negative point. While writing programs one has to be aware of the left recursion, failing to do that may result in infinite loops. It has a steep learning curve and suffers from lack of standardization -
Define and explain “throws Clause” and the “finally Clause” with respect to exception handling in Java. (5)
Answer:
Throws Clause
Throws clause is overloaded in C++ and conveys two different meanings: one as specification and the other as command. Java is similar in syntax but different in semantics. The appearance of an exception class name in the throws clause of Java method specifies that the exception class or any of its descendents can be thrown by the method.
A C++ program unit that does not include a throw clause can throw any exceptions. A Java method that does not include a throws cannot throw any checked exception it does not handle. A method cannot declare more exceptions in its throws clause than the methods it overrides, though it may declare fewer. A method that does not throw a particular exception, but calls another method that could throw the exception, must list the exception in its throws clause.
The finally clause
A Java exception handler may have a finally clause. A finally clause always executes when its try block executes (whether or not there is an exception). The finally clause is written as shown below:
try {
…
}
catch (…) {
…
}
…
finally {
…
}
A finally clause is usually included to make sure that some clean-up (e.g., closing opened files) is done. If the finally clause includes a transfer of control statement (return, break, continue, throw) then that statement overrides any transfer of control initiated in the try or in a catch clause.
23. How do Ada and COBOL differ by syntax and semantics in referencing a record element? Give examples of each (5)
Answer:Prolog learning curve is very high meanings of this statement 3marks
Prolog is a declarative programming language where we only specify what we need rather than how to do it. It has a simple concise syntax with built-in tree formation and backtracking which generates readable code which is easy to maintain. It is relatively case and type insensitive and is suitable for problem solving / searching, expert systems / knowledge representation, language processing / parsing and NLP, and game playing.
Efficiency is definitely is negative point. While writing programs one has to be aware of the left recursion, failing to do that may result in infinite loops. It has a steep learning curve and suffers from lack of standardization
Short circuiting in java and c and c++ 3marks
Short Circuit Evaluation- A and B
- A or B
- Example
index := 1;
while (index <= length) and
(LIST[index] <> value) do
index := index + 1
C, C++, and Java: use short-circuit evaluation for
the usual Boolean operators (&& and ||), but
also provide bitwise Boolean operators that are
not short circuit (& and |)
How to define PHP classes
Classes and objects are similar to Java. A variable of the desired type is created with the new operator. It supports Single inheritance only and uses the keyword extends to inherit from a super class. The inherited methods and members can be overridden, unless the parent class has defined a method as final.Union in c++ and java difference
C and C++ have free unions (no tags)
- Not part of their records
- No type checking of references
Java has neither records nor unionsStructs c++ and c#
structs are public by default. Structs are basically “objects” that contain variables inside of them.
The struct type: In C#, a struct is a value type.-
What are subprogram issues in different languages?
Answer:
• What parameter passing methods are provided?
• Are parameter types checked?
• Are local variables static or dynamic?
• Can subprograms be overloaded?
• Can subprogram be generic? -
What is seal struct and abstract in C#
Answer:
¥ Abstract: A class declared as ‘abstract’ cannot itself be instanced - it is designed only to be a base class for inheritance.
¥ Sealed: A class declared as ‘sealed’ cannot be inherited from. It may be noted that structs can also not be inherited from. -
Two difference b/w c and c++
Answer:
• In c declaring the global variable several times is allowed but this is not allowed in c++.
• In c a character constant is automatically elevated to an integer whereas in c++ this is not the case.
• C structures have a different behavior compared to c++ structures. Structures in c do not accept functions as their parts. -
Two difference b/w c++ and java
Answer: -
C++ is a very capable and popular programming language while Java is a more recent programming language that maximizes the code’s portability.
-
Programs written in C++ are much faster compared to those written in Java.
-
C++ is commonly used for traditional computer programs while Java is primarily used for making online and mobile phone applications
-
What is monitor in java thread
Answer:
To prevent problems that could occur by having two methods modifying the same object, Java uses monitors and the synchronized keyword to control access to an object by a thread. Any object that implements the “synchronized” keyword is considered to be a monitor. A monitor is an object that can move a thread process between a blocked and running state. Monitors are required when a process needs to wait for an external event to occur before thread processing can continue. A typical example is when a thread can’t continue until an object reaches a certain state. -
What is notify and wait in java
Answer:
Threads are based upon the concept of a Monitor. The wait and notify methods are used just like wait and signal in a Monitor. They allow two threads to cooperate and based on a single shared lock object.
There is a slight difference between notify and notifyAll. As the name suggest, notify() wakes up a single thread which is waiting on the object’s lock. If there is more than one thread waiting, the choice is arbitrary i.e. there is no way to specify which waiting thread should be re-awakened. On the other hand, notifyAll() wakes up ALL waiting threads; the scheduler decides which one will run. -
What queried in prolog
Answer:
Queries are used to retrieve information from the database. A query is a pattern that PROLOG is asked to match against the database and has the syntax of a compound query. It may contain variables. A query will cause PROLOG to look at the database, try to find a match for the query pattern, execute the body of the matching head, and return an answer. -
What is quoted atom in prolog?
Answer:
• Alphanumeric atoms - alphabetic character sequence starting with a lower case letter. Examples: apple a1 apple_cart
• Quoted atoms - sequence of characters surrounded by single quotes. Examples: ‘Apple’ ‘hello world’
• Symbolic atoms - sequence of symbolic characters. Examples: & < > * - + >>
{} -
What is managed code?
Answer:
Managed code
Managed code is executed under the control of Common Language Runtime (CRL).
It has automatic garbage collection. That is, the dynamically allocated memory area which is no longer is in use is not destroyed by the programmer explicitly. It is rather automatically returned back to heap by the built-in garbage collector. There is no explicit memory’s allocation and deallocation and there is no explicit call to the garbage collector.
Unmanaged code
The unmanaged code provides access to memory through pointers just like C++. It is useful in many scenarios. For example:
¥ Pointers may be used to enhance performance in real time applications.
¥ In non-.net DLLs some external functions requires a pointer as a parameter, such as Windows APIs that were written in C.
¥ Sometimes we need to inspect the memory contents for debugging purposes, or you might need to write an application that analyzes another application process and memory. -
How many ways the static binding can be define
Answer:
Static and Dynamic Binding
A binding is static if it occurs before run time and remains unchanged throughout program execution
A binding is dynamic if it occurs during execution or can change during execution of the program
If static, type may be specified by either an explicit or an implicit declaration
An explicit declaration is a program statement used for declaring the types of variables
An implicit declaration is a default mechanism for specifying types of variables (the first appearance of the variable in the program)- Explain Stack Dynamic variable with example? 5
Answer:
• Fixed stack dynamic - range of subscripts is statically bound, but storage is bound at elaboration time e.g. C local arrays are not static
• Advantage: space efficiency
• Stack-dynamic - range and storage are dynamic, but fixed from then on for the variable’s lifetime e.g. Ada declare blocks declare
STUFF : array (1…N) of FLOAT;
begin
…
end;
Advantage: flexibility - size need not be known until the array is about to be used- Discuss the problem of Aliasing in JavaScript with a proper example? 5 + bad aspects of past multiple selectors? 3
Answer:
Aliasing Problems in Java
The fact that arrays and classes are really pointers in Java can lead to some problems. Here is a simple assignment that causes aliasing:
int [] A = new int [4];
Int [] B = new int [2];
This is depicted as below:Now, when we say:
A[0] = 5;
We get the following:Now when we say:
B = A;
B points to the same array as A and creates an alias. This is shown below:Now if we make a simple assignment in B, we will also change A as shown below:
B[0] = 10;This obviously creates problems. Therefore, as a programmer you have to be very careful when writing programs in Java.
In Java, all parameters are passed by value, but for arrays and classes the actual parameter is really a pointer, so changing an array element, or a class field inside the function does change the actual parameter’s element or field.
This is elaborated with the help of the following example:
A ) {
A[0] = 10; // change an element of parameter A
A = null; // change A itself
}
void g() {
B = new int [3];
B[0] = 5;
f(B);
// B is not null here, because B itself was passed by value
// however, B[0] is now 10, because function f changed the
// first element of the array
} -
-
Java has a String class which is not exactly an array of►Char
►Elements
►Indices
►LongHow many string operators are in PHP?
►2
►3
►4
►10If you want an argument to a function to always be passed by reference, you can prepend
►Percentage sign (%) to the argument name in the function definition
►Dollar sign ($)to the argument name in the function definition
►An ampersand (&) to the argument name in the function definition
►Tilled sign (~)to the argument name in the function definitionHow many modes for the source code are in C#?
►One
►Two
►Three
►FourWhich chaining type is used by Prolog?
►Backward
►Forward
►Up
►HorizontalWhat are the enumeration and subrange types? Differentiate these two in points.
An enumeration is a special kind of value type limited to a restricted and unchangeable set of numerical values. By default, these numerical values are integers, but they can also be longs, bytes, etc. (any numerical value except char)
a) What is the purpose of type conversion? (5)
Converting one type of data to another is both useful and a source of numerous errors in JavaScript.
b) Differentiate between the implicit and explicit type conversion with respect to Java. (5)
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 10 )a) What are interpreted and compiled languages? Give examples (5)
Prolog It is an interactive (hybrid compiled/interpreted) language.
PHP is interpreted
FORTAN is compiled
SNOBAL is compiledb) Differentiate between client side scripting and server side scripting languages? (5)
JavaScript – client side scripting
Primary objective of JavaScript is to create dynamic HTML documents and check validity of input forms. It is usually embedded in an HTML document. It is not really related to Java
PHP (Personal Home Page) – server-side scripting
It is interpreted on the Web Server when the HTML document in which embedded is requested by the browser. It often produces HTML code as an output and is very similar to JavaScript. It allows simple access to HTML form data and makes form processing easy. It also provides support for many different database management systems and hence provides Web access to databases.Question No: 10 ( Marks: 10 )
a) Describe the programming steps in Prolog? (5)PROLOG programming follows the following steps:
• Declaring some facts about objects and their relationships
• Defining some rules about objects and their relationships
• Asking questions about objects and their relationshipsb) Explain the Prolog features regarding its applications in real world. (5)
One of the main features of this language is its ability to handle and process symbols.
Hence it is used heavily in AI related applications. It is an interactive (hybrid
compiled/interpreted) language and its applications include expert systems, artificial intelligence, natural language understanding, logical puzzles and games.Ada pointers are called Access types.
TRUE
FALSEa) Comparison between functional and imperative languages?
Differentiate between the Dynamic Type binding and Static type binding?Static and Dynamic Binding
A binding is static if it occurs before run time and remains unchanged throughout
program execution
A binding is dynamic if it occurs during execution or can change during execution
of the programDynamic binding occurs at:
Compile Time
Design Time
Link Time
Run TimeConvert the following Ada code into equivalent C code.
case ch is
when ‘A’ | ‘E’ | ‘I’ | ‘O’ | ‘U’ =>
putline(“this is an uppercase vowel”);
when ‘J’ … ‘N’ =>
putline(“between uppercase J and N”);
when others =>
putline(“something else”);
end case;The dangling pointer problem is partially alleviated by Ada design.
TRUE
FALSEWhich statement is wrong about Static variables?
They are bound to memory cells before the execution of program
They use to direct access the memory.
There is run time overhead of allocation and de-allocation of memory.
Storage can’t be shared among variablesProlog language falls under the domain of:
Scientific Applications
Business Applications
Special Purpose Languages
None of theseFollowing statement returns the union of the two list in LISP. Select correct option: >(L1 UNION L2) >(union L1 L2) (answer) >Union L1 >(L1 union L2) Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 01:23:17 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Following is the correct structure of a “block” in Ada. Select correct option: declare – declare section optional statements begin declarations exception – exception section optional handlers end; declare – declare section optional declarations begin statements (answer) exception – exception section optional handlers end; declare – declare section optional statements begin declarations handlers exception – exception section optional end; declare – declare section optional statements declarations begin statements exception – exception section optional handlers end; Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 01:24:33 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In LISP, ___________ is the main tool used for iteration. Select correct option: Recursion (answer) For Loop While Loop Do-While Loop Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 01:25:35 PM ) Total Marks: 1 ___________ represents the class of languages from functional paradigm. Select correct option: LISP (answer) PROLOG Ada C++ ) Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 01:27:00 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In LISP, following statement returns the difference of the two lists. Select correct option: (Difference L1 L2) (set-difference L1 L2) (answer) (L1 Difference L2) (L1 difference L2) Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 01:27:52 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Lists can be constructed with the help of three basic functions which are ___________. Select correct option: scheme, common lisp and cons cons, append and scheme cons, list and append (answer) list, atoms and append Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 01:29:07 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Block statement in Ada is very different to a block in C. Select correct option: True False (answer) Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 01:29:42 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Two important versions of LISP are _________________. Select correct option: Scheme and Atoms Scheme and Common Lisp (answer) Common Lisp and defacto List and Common Lisp Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 01:30:47 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Following is the correct syntax of ‘for’ statement in Ada. Select correct option: for variable in low_value … high_value loop – Loop body goes here end loop; (answer) for variable in low_value … high_value loop – Loop body goes here end; begin; for variable in low_value … high_value loop – Loop body goes here end loop; begin loop; for variable in low_value … high_value loop – Loop body goes here end loop; Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 01:31:56 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In __________, Enumeration type can also be used as indexes in arrays. Select correct option: Ada C C++ LISP (answer not confirmed) Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 08:30:41 AM ) Total Marks: 1 SNOBOL was designed for ___________ purpose. Select correct option: String manipulation AI Business Scientific Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 08:31:21 AM ) Total Marks: 1 Pattern . Variable Upon successful completion of pattern matching, the substring matched by the pattern is assigned to the variable as ________ Select correct option: Value String Integer Real numbers Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 08:32:10 AM ) Total Marks: 1 Computer architecture has a major influence on the design of programming language. Select correct option: *** True False Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 08:33:23 AM ) Total Marks: 1 Too much simplicity in language design can also cause problems. Select correct option: True False Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 08:33:58 AM ) Total Marks: 1 A language evaluation criteria includes following factors EXCEPT Select correct option: Readability Writabilty Portability Modularity Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 08:35:16 AM ) Total Marks: 1 COBOL is mainly designed for _______. Select correct option: Scientific experiments Business application AI applications Publishing and writing algorithm Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 08:36:25 AM ) Total Marks: 1 The variable name have profound effect on _______________. Select correct option: Readability Writability * Orthogonality Portability Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 08:37:48 AM ) Total Marks: 1 SIZE function in SONOBOL language is used to return the size of __ Select correct option: String Operator Variable Keyword Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 08:38:52 AM ) Total Marks: 1 Indirect referencing in f is same as of _____in C. Select correct option: Arrays Pointers Aliasing Stack
Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 08:40:12 AM ) Total Marks: 1 Following factors influences a portable language design EXCEPT Select correct option: Computer architecture Readability Programmer’s time Windows XP Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 08:41:32 AM ) Total Marks: 1 The more is the Simplicity of a language, the more it will always be readable. Select correct option: True False Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 08:41:48 AM ) Total Marks: 1 + Sign is used for _______ in SONOBOL. Select correct option: Line Continuation Line Breakage Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 08:42:56 AM ) Total Marks: 1 Which of the following is an incorrect option from the following statements regarding ‘objectives of learning new languages ’? Select correct option: Help to compare different languages. Help in transition from one language to other language. Help in understanding the language piracy policy. Help to choose a language for development of a certain application. Question # 14 of 15 (Start time: 08:43:31 AM ) Total Marks: 1 was the first object oriented language. Select correct option: COBOL LISP JAVA ****SIMULA Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 08:44:22 AM ) Total Marks: 1 In SONOBOL 2 spaces can be used, the purpose of 1st space is for ____ and 2nd for Select correct option:
*** Pattern matching, String Concatenation String concatenation, Pattern matching
Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 88 sec(s) Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 06:16:16 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In C# Managed code is executed under the control of Select correct option: CLR CRL Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 06:16:34 PM ) Total Marks: 1 _____is more strongly typed language then Select correct option: C++, C# C#, C++ C++, Java None of then given Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 61 sec(s) Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 06:17:30 PM ) Total Marks: 1 The IS operator in C# is used for_________ Select correct option: Run time type conversion Run time type checking not confirmed Run time type casting None of the given Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 81 sec(s) Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 06:18:35 PM ) Total Marks: 1 compile into machine independent language, independent code which run in a managed execution environment. Select correct option: C# Java C++ Ada Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 82 sec(s) Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 06:19:44 PM ) Total Marks: 1 PHP supported all major Databases including. Select correct option: ODBC Oracle SQL Server None Of given Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 81 sec(s) Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 06:20:42 PM ) Total Marks: 1 ______compile initially to an intermediate. Which can be run by interpretation or just in time compilation or an appropriate virtual machine? Select correct option: C++ and C# C# and Java Java and C++ Ada , C++ Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 06:21:16 PM ) Total Marks: 1 The keyword unsafe is used while dealing with_____ Select correct option: Loop Arrays Pointers Classes Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 06:21:26 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Enumeration type in C# may take any type of _______ in contrast to C++ where it take only _______ Select correct option: Numeric value, integer value Value type value, numeric value Primitive type value, reference type value Value type value, reference type value Quiz Start Time: 06:16 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 06:23:46 PM ) Total Marks: 1 The concept of sealed class in C# is similar to Select correct option: Struct in C#, Struct in C++ Abstract class in C# None of the given s Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 06:24:03 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Managed or safe code in is executed under the control of common language runtime (CLR) with automatic garbage collection, no explicit memory allocation and de allocation and no explicit destructor. Select correct option: C++ Java Ada and C++ C# Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 06:24:19 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In C# the if statement condition is an/a Select correct option: Arithmetic expression Boolean expression Numeric expression Both Numeric expression and Boolean expression Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 06:27:47 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Java code when compiled is converted into ________ code. Select correct option: Bit code Byte code Kbytes code Giga byte Code Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 06:27:59 PM ) Total Marks: 1 PHP is a typed language. Select correct option: Strongly Dynamic Static None of Given Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 06:28:10 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In ______ the relationship between a get and set method is inherited, while in ___________ it has to be maintained. Select correct option: Java , C++ C++ , C# Ada , Java C# , Java or C++ Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 86 sec(s) Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 06:31:18 PM ) Total Marks: 1 C# code when compiled is converted into ________ code. Select correct option: MSIL MISL Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 06:31:28 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In Boolean expression is convertible into integer type. Select correct option: C# C++ JAVA Ada Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 06:32:04 PM ) Total Marks: 1 PHP syntax looks like Select correct option: ASP syntax C/C++ syntax Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 06:32:12 PM ) Total Marks: 1 For narrowing conversion which type conversion is appropriate? Select correct option: Implicit Conversion Explicit Conversion Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 06:32:19 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In Java we can make pointer of. Select correct option: Any type Reference type only Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 06:32:31 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In C# the value type and reference type variable are interconvert able through ________ concept. Select correct option: Tagged type Boxing Interfaces None of the given Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 06:32:43 PM ) Total Marks: 1 C# support only inheritance and it achieve inheritance through the concept of interfaces. Select correct option: Multiple, multiple Single, multiple Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 06:32:54 PM ) Total Marks: 1 Tasks in ____are processes and cannot share data but thread in _______ do it. Select correct option: C# , C++ C++ , Ada Java , C# Ada , Java Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 06:33:03 PM ) Total Marks: 1 The concept of package in Java is similar to _________ Select correct option: Assembly in C# Global class in C# Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 06:33:36 PM ) Total Marks: 1 The concept of C# jagged array is similar in function to _________ Select correct option: C++ rectangular Array Java Array of Array Java pointer Array C# Array Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 06:34:17 PM ) Total Marks: 1 In C# _____can be inherited from other class but no inheritance from it. On the other hand _________ cannot be inherited not inheritance is possible from it is possible. Select correct option: Private class , public class Sealed class ,struct in C# struct in C# , Sealed class public class , inherited class Quiz Start Time: 06:27 PM Time Left 89 sec(s) Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 06:34:49 PM ) Total Marks: 1 The concept of sealed class in C# is similar to ________ Select correct option: Struct in C#, Struct in C++ Abstract class in C# None of the givenCS 508 mid term spring 2010 paper
Compare ADA dor loop with dolist and dotime in LISP (5)Apart from recursion, in LISP we can write code involving loops using iterative non recursive mechanism. There are two basic statements for that purpose: dotimes and dolist.
DOTIMES
dotimes is like a counter-control for loop. Its syntax is given as below:
(dotimes (count n result) body)
It executes the body of the loop n times where count starts with 0, ends with n-1.
The result is optional and is to be used to hold the computing result. If result is given, the function will return the value of result. Otherwise it returns NIL. The value of the count can be used in the loop body.
DOLIST
The second looping structure is dolist. It is used to iterate over the list elements, one at a time. Its syntax is given below:
(dolist (x L result) body)
It executes the body for each top level element x in L. x is not equal to an element of L in each iteration, but rather x takes an element of L as its value. The value of x can be used in the loop body. As we have seen in the case of dotimes, the result is optional and is to be used to hold the computing result. If result is given, the function will return the value of result. Otherwise it returns NIL.
Differentiate between ADA access types and C/C++ pointer type (5)An access type roughly corresponds to a C++ pointer.
type Address_Ref is access Address;
A_Ref := new Address;
A_Ref.Postal_Code := “94960-1234”;
Note that, unlike C, there is no notational difference for accessing a record field directly or through an access value.
To refer to the entire record accessed by an access value use the following notation:
Print(A_Ref.all);
Why predicate is a special function in LISP (3)
A predicate is a special function which returns NIL if the predicate is false, T or anything other than NIL, otherwise. Predicates are used to build Boolean expressions in the logical statements.
The following comparative operators are used as functions for numerical values and return a T or NIL. =, >, <, >=, <=;
Differentiate between C/C++ unions and ADA discriminated type (3)
Discriminated records are like union types in C. There are however major differences between C union types and Ada discriminated records. The union type in C is fundamentally unsafe, and therefore unacceptable.
What additional features are added in COBOL (2)
COBOL uses level numbers to show nested records; others use recursive definitions Business applications
reports, decimal arithmetic, character operations - COBOL
It was designed to look like simple English to broaden the base of computer users.Is there anything like templates as in C++ (2)
Generics are like templates in C++ and allow parameterization of subprograms and packages with parameters which can be types and subprograms as well as values and objects.
Anything starting with Capital or underscore is a variable in ____________(Prolog, Lisp, Cobol)
In Prolog we specify ______ and not ______ (solution, problem)
LISP is used in _______ and _______(functional paradigm, AI)
First arguments in LISP is __________ (Atom, argument, integer, LIST)
ADA has ____ do while loop as C/C++ (NO, effective, similar)
Maps in SNOBOL are also available in ____(C, C++, MATLAB, Prolog)
We use ____ indirect referencing operator in SNOBOL (Binary “.”, Binary $, Unary “.”, Unary $)
Elementary types are also called __________ in ADA (Static, user defines, builtin)
ADA is a _____typed language (strongly)
In Snobol 2 spaces are used for , 1st for ______, 2nd for _________
______ has elaborated exception handling (ADA, C++, JAVA, COBOL)
___ has a powerful set of operators but poor type checking (C, C++, ADA, LISP)
______and _______ have declaration paradigm (Prolog, SQL)
1st machine independent language is _______ sonobol
To make necessary arguments at run time error is called __(exception handling)
Language with wide domain of application has higher(generality)
_____ has distributed computing architecture (COBRA)
Readability has no influence on the cost of _________(deployment)
The depth at which we can think is influenced by _________(implementation details)
Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
45 sec(s)
Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 10:25:12 PM )
Total Marks: 1
In SONOBOL 2 spaces can be used, the purpose of 1st space is for _____ and 2nd for
Select correct option:
Correct
Bottom of Form
In SONOBAL binary operators have atleast____ spaces
1
2
3
4
Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
5 sec(s)
Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 10:26:31 PM )
Total Marks: 1
- Sign is used for _______ in SONOBOL.
Select correct option:
Correct
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Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
27 sec(s)
Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 10:28:01 PM )
Total Marks: 1
In SONOBOL can the size of the array be determined at run time.
Select correct option:
Correct
Bottom of Form
Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
23 sec(s)
Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 10:29:17 PM )
Total Marks: 1
___________ is an important feature of Ada language used in embedded systems and operating systems. It is used in managing parallel threads of controls.
Select correct option:
Correct
Bottom of Form
Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
8 sec(s)
Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 10:30:34 PM )
Total Marks: 1
One of the major design goals of Ada was
Select correct option:
Correct
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Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
29 sec(s)
Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 10:32:03 PM )
Total Marks: 1
SONOBOL is case _______
Select correct option:
Correct
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Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
36 sec(s)
Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 10:33:29 PM )
Total Marks: 1
The main design goals of Ada were EXCEPT
Select correct option:
Correct
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Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
63 sec(s)
Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 10:34:48 PM )
Total Marks: 1
The space operator has _____ precedence than arithmetic operators.
Select correct option:
Correct
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Top of FormQuiz Start Time: 10:23 PM
Time Left
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Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 10:35:28 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Pattern . Variable Upon successful completion of pattern matching, the substring matched by the pattern is assigned to the variable as ________
Select correct option:
Correct
-
What are subprogram issues in different languages?
Answer:
• What parameter passing methods are provided?
• Are parameter types checked?
• Are local variables static or dynamic?
• Can subprograms be overloaded?
• Can subprogram be generic? -
What is seal struct and abstract in C#
Answer:
¥ Abstract: A class declared as ‘abstract’ cannot itself be instanced - it is designed only to be a base class for inheritance.
¥ Sealed: A class declared as ‘sealed’ cannot be inherited from. It may be noted that structs can also not be inherited from. -
Two difference b/w c and c++
Answer:
• In c declaring the global variable several times is allowed but this is not allowed in c++.
• In c a character constant is automatically elevated to an integer whereas in c++ this is not the case.
• C structures have a different behavior compared to c++ structures. Structures in c do not accept functions as their parts. -
Two difference b/w c++ and java
Answer: -
C++ is a very capable and popular programming language while Java is a more recent programming language that maximizes the code’s portability.
-
Programs written in C++ are much faster compared to those written in Java.
-
C++ is commonly used for traditional computer programs while Java is primarily used for making online and mobile phone applications
-
What is monitor in java thread
Answer:
To prevent problems that could occur by having two methods modifying the same object, Java uses monitors and the synchronized keyword to control access to an object by a thread. Any object that implements the “synchronized” keyword is considered to be a monitor. A monitor is an object that can move a thread process between a blocked and running state. Monitors are required when a process needs to wait for an external event to occur before thread processing can continue. A typical example is when a thread can’t continue until an object reaches a certain state. -
What is notify and wait in java
Answer:
Threads are based upon the concept of a Monitor. The wait and notify methods are used just like wait and signal in a Monitor. They allow two threads to cooperate and based on a single shared lock object.
There is a slight difference between notify and notifyAll. As the name suggest, notify() wakes up a single thread which is waiting on the object’s lock. If there is more than one thread waiting, the choice is arbitrary i.e. there is no way to specify which waiting thread should be re-awakened. On the other hand, notifyAll() wakes up ALL waiting threads; the scheduler decides which one will run. -
What queried in prolog
Answer:
Queries are used to retrieve information from the database. A query is a pattern that PROLOG is asked to match against the database and has the syntax of a compound query. It may contain variables. A query will cause PROLOG to look at the database, try to find a match for the query pattern, execute the body of the matching head, and return an answer. -
What is quoted atom in prolog?
Answer:
• Alphanumeric atoms - alphabetic character sequence starting with a lower case letter. Examples: apple a1 apple_cart
• Quoted atoms - sequence of characters surrounded by single quotes. Examples: ‘Apple’ ‘hello world’
• Symbolic atoms - sequence of symbolic characters. Examples: & < > * - + >>
{} -
What is managed code?
Answer:
Managed code
Managed code is executed under the control of Common Language Runtime (CRL).
It has automatic garbage collection. That is, the dynamically allocated memory area which is no longer is in use is not destroyed by the programmer explicitly. It is rather automatically returned back to heap by the built-in garbage collector. There is no explicit memory’s allocation and deallocation and there is no explicit call to the garbage collector.
Unmanaged code
The unmanaged code provides access to memory through pointers just like C++. It is useful in many scenarios. For example:
¥ Pointers may be used to enhance performance in real time applications.
¥ In non-.net DLLs some external functions requires a pointer as a parameter, such as Windows APIs that were written in C.
¥ Sometimes we need to inspect the memory contents for debugging purposes, or you might need to write an application that analyzes another application process and memory. -
How many ways the static binding can be define
Answer:
Static and Dynamic Binding
A binding is static if it occurs before run time and remains unchanged throughout program execution
A binding is dynamic if it occurs during execution or can change during execution of the program
If static, type may be specified by either an explicit or an implicit declaration
An explicit declaration is a program statement used for declaring the types of variables
An implicit declaration is a default mechanism for specifying types of variables (the first appearance of the variable in the program)- Explain Stack Dynamic variable with example? 5
Answer:
• Fixed stack dynamic - range of subscripts is statically bound, but storage is bound at elaboration time e.g. C local arrays are not static
• Advantage: space efficiency
• Stack-dynamic - range and storage are dynamic, but fixed from then on for the variable’s lifetime e.g. Ada declare blocks declare
STUFF : array (1…N) of FLOAT;
begin
…
end;
Advantage: flexibility - size need not be known until the array is about to be used- Discuss the problem of Aliasing in JavaScript with a proper example? 5 + bad aspects of past multiple selectors? 3
Answer:
Aliasing Problems in Java
The fact that arrays and classes are really pointers in Java can lead to some problems. Here is a simple assignment that causes aliasing:
int [] A = new int [4];
Int [] B = new int [2];
This is depicted as below:Now, when we say:
A[0] = 5;
We get the following:Now when we say:
B = A;
B points to the same array as A and creates an alias. This is shown below:Now if we make a simple assignment in B, we will also change A as shown below:
B[0] = 10;This obviously creates problems. Therefore, as a programmer you have to be very careful when writing programs in Java.
In Java, all parameters are passed by value, but for arrays and classes the actual parameter is really a pointer, so changing an array element, or a class field inside the function does change the actual parameter’s element or field.
This is elaborated with the help of the following example:
A ) {
A[0] = 10; // change an element of parameter A
A = null; // change A itself
}
void g() {
B = new int [3];
B[0] = 5;
f(B);
// B is not null here, because B itself was passed by value
// however, B[0] is now 10, because function f changed the
// first element of the array
} -
my today paper 12:30 pm
mcq were new from handouts 2 3 from past , 3 subjective Q were from past papers.
Q no 1 write the simple Ada program whether a number is event or not?
Q no 2 which data structre is more widely use in LISP pogramming.?
Qno 3 write the ada program of given arguments Use for loop and use Put() method execpt PUt_Line() and write NEW_Line for new line the arguments are given below
*
**
Q no 4 Set the value of variable a HEIGHT =12 and Weight=5.
Q no 5 dotime dolist men sy function tha koi ,
Q no 6 when Put_Line method is called in Ada does need to calL New_Line method or not?FORTRAN men sy mcq thy , Lisp men sy thy , ada men sy thy sonobol men sy thy , First program jis ny error door kiye kon sa tha ,readabilty men sy thy , lisp k function kon kon sy hn , etc
best of luck
-
Today paper
MCQS mostly are new one
write two point that differentiate the LISP language from other language. 2
Why we need single language Ada. 2
Set the value of variable a HEIGHT =12 and Weight=5. 3
What is difference b/w these two statements >(set-intersection L1 L2) and >(set-difference L1 L2) 5
aik question ADA main sy that bhol gya hon
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2 questions of 5 marks
1.write code in LISP to compute power of x to y page 76
2. Write maps data types in SNOBOL.
3 marks questions
write IO header file for Ada…
name functions that are used in List construction
2 marks questions
What are operators for Logical AND && and Logical OR || used in ADA.
features added in COBOL not included in SNOWBOL.
for MCQs you need to read the book some are from old papers too but for good marks reading is
must.
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