o Binary Search trees
o AVL trees
o Rotation cases of AVL trees
o Balancing Factor of trees

Re: CS301 Assignment 3 Solution and Discussion

Assignment No. 03

SEMESTER FALL 2020
CS301- Data Structures Total Marks: 20
Due Date: 21/01/2021
Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment:
It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit (zero marks) if:
o The assignment is submitted after due date.
o The submitted assignment is other than .doc/.docx file.
o The submitted assignment does NOT open or file is corrupted.
o The assignment is copied (from other student or ditto copy from handouts or internet).
Uploading instructions

o For clarity and simplicity, you are required to Upload/Submit only .doc/.docx file.

Objective
The objective of this assignment is:
o Binary Search trees
o AVL trees
o Rotation cases of AVL trees
o Balancing Factor of trees

For any query about the assignment, contact at [email protected]
GOOD LUCK
Marks: 20

Problem Statement:

You are required to construct AVL tree from the following data:

15 ,18 ,12, 8, 54, 5, 14, 13, 9, 61, 20, 17, 21

Solution Guidelines:

You need to insert these data items one by one starting from the data item 15 in the same order in which they have written above. Show and perform necessary rotations where needed. In Solution show only the final AVL tree and only those steps in which rotation is applied.

Note: If you show only final tree and do not show the rotation steps then your marks will be deducted.
Lectures Covered: This assignment covers Lecture # 15-26
Deadline: Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted at or before January 21 , 2021

Your health is one of the most valuable things you have — if not the most important. Today more than ever, people across the world are practicing gratitude for health while being vigilant about protecting it. Pandemics and viruses aside, there are ways to give your health the right priority it needs no matter what age you are.

Strong immunity, while crucial to preventing and fighting illness, is also a key component to living a balanced, happy life. How? The habits and practices you can do to support your immunity all lend themselves to a happy, holistic existence. It’s the best of both worlds; being strong and healthy to combat disease and illness and enjoying your body for the life it’s given you.

What Does “Strong Immune System” Mean?
Your immune system is exactly that, a system. The human body is made up of 11 separate systems that do their independent parts to keep your body running at its most optimal.

The primary purpose of your immune system is to protect against pesky, persistent bacteria that want nothing more than to attack your body, breaking it down to make it more susceptible to injury and illness. Your immune system is the gatekeeper for what gets in and what stays out of your body. When it is working, the viruses and toxins don’t have a chance. When it’s not, the floodgates are wide open.

Your body shows signs of a strong immune system pretty often. One example is when you get a mosquito bite. The red, bumpy itch is a sign of your immune system at work. The flu or a cold is a typical example of your body failing to stop the germs/bacteria before they get in. However, when you recover from the cold or flu, it’s proof that your immune system was able to eliminate the invader after learning about it and reacting to its defense. If your immune system did nothing, you would never get over the cold, or anything else for that matter. When you are sick, your body isn’t able to perform at its full potential.

Depending on the nature of what’s got you under the weather, a prescription or over-the-counter medication may be needed if your immune system isn’t reacting or responding quickly enough. That too is normal; antibiotics were created for this very reason. The good news is there are many things you can do to keep your immune system strong and healthy.

How To Boost Immunity
Living a healthy lifestyle is your single best option to a strong immune system. Every part of your body functions better when it is fueled with healthy foods, a positive environment, and minimal stress. Sound ideal? Here are some easy tips for a stronger immune system that won’t overwhelm you.

Daily Exercise

Yes, daily. Just 30 minutes.

There are numerous benefits to exercise, including prevention of arthritis, diabetes, heart conditions, and more. Exercise has also been shown to enhance and improve different components of the immune system. Exercise also improves your sleep quality and increases immune function. Go for a walk, become a member of a fitness center, find some fun exercises, and commit to a routine. Exercise also doubles as a mood and mental booster — two benefits in one.

Let the Light In
Enjoy moderate exposure to sunlight a few times each week. Vitamin D is imperative for strengthening your immune system. If you’re not able to get outside, consider a Vitamin D supplement as a substitute. Fresh air is good for everyone and a change of scenery is always a plus. Of course, with exposure to the sun, it’s also equally as important to wear SPF — and wear it daily.

Be Mindful

Keep stress minimal; meditate or pray, and allow your brain some down time. Nothing good ever comes from worrying. Your body will be in a more relaxed state and feel rejuvenated with some peace and quiet. Stress can be an inhibitor of immunity for the way it creeps in and likes to settle, affecting appetite, sleep habits, even daily routines.

Promote Gut Health
Your gut knows when you’re happy … in fact, your gut know nearly everything. Keep it in check!

Foods with good bacteria, like yogurt, have positive health benefits. Probiotics can help your digestive system function normal and stay balanced. After all, 80% of your immune system is located in your digestive system, so it’s best to keep your stomach healthy and happy.

Get Enough Sleep

It’s a simple thing, really, getting a good night’s sleep. It’s your body’s chance to rest and recover. Aim for 7-9 good hours each night. Removing distractions, going to bed when you’re tired, and eliminating sugary foods late in the day will help you when you hit the pillow.

According to the Mayo Clinic, “During sleep, your immune system releases proteins called cytokines, some of which help promote sleep. Certain cytokines need to increase when you have an infection or inflammation, or when you’re under stress. Sleep deprivation may decrease production of these protective cytokines. In addition, infection-fighting antibodies and cells are reduced during periods when you don’t get enough sleep.”

Little Daily Habits = Long Lasting Effects
Replacing bad health habits with good ones can help you keep a strong immune system. Here are a few little daily habits you can easily incorporate:

Wash your hands frequently — and not just during pandemics!
Eat more fruits and vegetables
Laugh more
Reflect on gratitude
Use sunscreen
Drink plenty of water
Monitor your blood pressure
Take a multi-vitamin
Have dessert!

Use these tips to boost your immunity and be well. These habits will also help you to live a happy, healthy life.
Reff

Question Title: Obedience of Allah Almighty
Question Description:
As per Holy Quran, the human beings are created only for worship and obedience of Allah Almighty. The guided people from human beings are those who know their basic purpose of life and do acts for the sake of obedience of Allah Almighty.

You have to describe eight acts from your daily life/social life (other than worships), which can cause obedience of Allah Almighty.

Note:

Write down only points, No explanation is not required.
Maximum answer limit is 150 words; more than it would not be considered, Follow it strictly.
Describe the answer in your own words. Cheated or copied material from other students, internet, books or journals etc. will not be accepted.

Windows 10X was originally meant for foldable and dual-screen devices, but last year Microsoft announced it was reworking the software for single screen PCs. The result looks to be an experience that will provide users with access to Microsoft services in a more affordable package.

We’re expecting the first Windows 10X devices to launch later this year, but an exact timeframe hasn’t been revealed. Similarly, we’re not sure how much these devices will cost, but if we had to venture a guess they’ll be in the $400 to $700 range.

In Windows Central’s video, we get a good idea of what using Windows 10 will be like, from the reworked taskbar to running progressive web apps (PWA). The video demonstrates some of the software’s settings, the process of installing a PWA, and running apps side-by-side. It’s an interesting glimpse at what Microsoft has planned for those who want a more lightweight, tablet-esque experience.

Windows 10X isn’t something you’ll be able to upgrade to. Rather, the software will come pre-installed on new machines similar to laptops that run Chrome OS. If you’ve been tempted by a Chromebook but are embedded in Microsoft’s ecosystem, the arrival of Windows 10X will be exactly what you’re looking for.

Creators, happy new year!
However you felt about 2020, the fact is it’s in the history books. To help you venture into 2021 I asked a few really successful creators for one piece of advice for your channel in the new year.
Here’s what they had to say.
My advice is to pre-film your content. You never know when something unexpected is going to pop up in life.
When things get busy, you’ll be so happy you have a bunch of videos in the bank. One thing that’s really helped Annoying Orange’s longevity is the fact that we stick to a schedule.
Fans know exactly when they can come to the channel and see new videos and that’s really valuable because it creates a trust with the audience. When you build that expectation and deliver it creates trust, and that trust will keep the audience coming back.
But it’s important to be consistent in more than just your regular uploads. Try to be consistent with your editing, your content, your style and your overall brand.
My advice is get others involved. While no one will ever be as passionate or dedicated to your channel as you are
by getting others involved, whether as employees or even just friends it can help improve your content allow you to focus on the things you’re best at and give you somebody else to hold you accountable when trying to achieve your goals.
From what I learned in 2020 myself it would probably be don’t put yourself in a box. I was just trying way too hard
to make sure I was doing exactly what my followers wanted to see exactly what my subscribers wanted to see.
I was afraid that if I did anything different that they wouldn’t like it.
But at the end of the day, I didn’t know that until I tried it.
That risk pays off a lot of times. I watched so many of you put out ridiculous content every single day. However, you take the comments for granted. Get in there, reply, engage, build relationships. This is not just consumption, this is community. You are an influencer. You influence!
So, when you’re creating your content, think not only about yourself but about others and how you want to influence their life.
Make sure you’re inspiring them in a way that you would like to see the world evolve into whether you’re making them happy after a long day of work or maybe you’re turning into creatures and monsters to inspire them to be creative.
That’s what I do! You are an influencer and you will influence the people that watch you.
Be that good inspiration.
My advice is to find balance.
Don’t just work all year.

Make sure you schedule time in to play and find hobbies. because if you show up to work and you’re burned out your audience will sense it and you’ll struggle to create new, authentic, and exciting content that your audience will love and want to keep coming back for.
So, take good care of yourself so that you can take great care of your content and it will continue to motivate and inspire your audience.
My advice is to think big and try not to be discouraged by short-term hurdles. In the long run, the only things that matter are making good content and staying consistent.
Good luck to you.
I’ll see you in the frickin’ interwebs.
I’ll see you out there!
All right, I’m done.

Are the vaccines halal or not?
Gelatin derived from pigs is used as a stabiliser in some vaccines but the consumption of pork is forbidden to Muslims, who make up some 90% of the Indonesian population.And messages have been circulating on social media in Indonesia saying that the Sinovac vaccine contains elements of monkeys.

President Widodo, a Muslim himself, has said it shouldn’t matter because it’s a heath emergency, but some have been looking for religious guidance.

The Indonesia Ulema Council or (MUI), whose job it is to decide such things, held long discussions and after an in-depth audit, it announced that the Sinovac vaccine is halal.

Previously, 30-40% of people surveyed by the Ministry of health had expressed doubts about the Covid-19 vaccine, and 7% said they did not want to be vaccinated.

Concern about whether the vaccine was halal or not was one of the key reasons, said Dr Nadia.

“Praise be to God, that has been cleared up,” she said.

The woman who discovered the first human coronavirus was the daughter of a Scottish bus driver, who left school at 16. June Almeida went on to become a pioneer of virus imaging, whose work has come roaring back into focus during the present pandemic.

:June Dalziel Almeida was a Scottish virologist, a pioneer in virus imaging, identification, and diagnosis. Her skills in electron microscopy earned her an international reputation. In 1964, she was recruited by St Thomas’s Hospital Medical School in London.

The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise process model is often referred to as the business process model.

software process, software products, e.g. architectural descriptions, source code, user documentation, and the roles of people involved in software engineering. Examples: The waterfall model • The spiral model • “V-Modell (XT)” (dt.)

The Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development. The waterfall Model illustrates the software development process in a linear sequential flow. This means that any phase in the development process begins only if the previous phase is complete.

The spiral model is a risk-driven software development process model. Based on the unique risk patterns of a given project, the spiral model guides a team to adopt elements of one or more process models, such as incremental, waterfall, or evolutionary prototyping.

See exactly how you can created a 99% automated YouTube channel that has over 3,000,000+ views, generates passive income in a number of diversified ways, helps him grow his personal brand and generates leads and sales.

THE ERA OF PM. IMRAN KHAN IS BETTER THAN OTHER.HE TELLS THE REAL MEANING OF DEMOCRACY TO OUR NATION.HE INCREASED THE INTEREST ADOUT POLITICAL ISSUE IN OUR NATION,ABOUT MY KNOWLEDGE BEFORE HIM NO ANYONE WAS INTERESTED IN THESE ISSUES,KNOW I SEE THE LARGE PART OF OUR PEOPLE ARE POLITICALLY EDUCATED.
ABOUT MY OPINION THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR ANY NATION TO IMPROVE THEIR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS COPULSORY OTHER KNOWLEDGE IS AS SELECTIVE.

Topic :
Major Highlights of Agriculture Sector of Pakistan in (2019 to 2020)
Introduction:
Agriculture constitutes is the largest sector of our economy.

Majority of the population, directly or indirectly, dependent on this sector.

It contributes about 24 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and accounts for half of employed labour force and is the largest source of foreign exchange earnings.

It feeds whole rural and urban population. Realizing its importance, planners and policy makers are always keen to have reliable area and production statistics of agricultural crops well in time.

Policy makers primarily need accurate and timely statistics for the important crops such as wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, maize etc.

Agriculture contributes 18.5 percent to country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides 38.5 percent employment to national labour force.

But it remains backward sector of the economy while high performing agriculture is a key to economic growth and poverty alleviation.

Over the last decade, the performance of agriculture sector has fallen short of desirable level, mainly because of stagnant productivity of all important crops.

Cropped area of the five traditional crops has also largely remained unchanged.

Climate change also poses a serious challenge to Pakistan’s agriculture and threatens country’s water availability and food security.
The government of Imran Khan is trying its best to help the farmers by providing agriculture inputs at affordable prices and ensuring better prices of their produce.

To guarantee food security, it is necessary to enhance domestic agricultural production through increased productivity (increasing per acre yield).

Although Pakistan has rich production potential in agriculture, livestock and fisheries, yet for sustainable economic growth and prosperity, the development of these sectors on long-term basis is of fundamental importance for country’s growth and prosperity.

This calls for efficient utilization of production resources by adopting modern technologies and establishment of realistic marketing system.

The Prime Minister’s taskforce on agriculture has taken a holistic view of the issues faced by the agriculture sector and has made some sound recommendations for improving productivity of agriculture sector.

What is motivation?
Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior.

In everyday usage, the term “motivation” is frequently used to describe why a person does something.
It is the driving force behind human actions.

Motivation doesn’t just refer to the factors that activate behaviors;

it also involves the factors that direct and maintain these goal-directed actions (though such motives are rarely directly observable).

As a result, we often have to infer the reasons why people do the things that they do based on observable behaviors.1

Types of motivation:
Different types of motivation are frequently described as being either extrinsic or intrinsic:
Extrinsic motivations are those that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards such as trophies, money, social recognition, or praise.
Intrinsic motivations are those that arise from within the individual, such as doing a complicated crossword puzzle purely for the personal gratification of solving a problem.

State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has introduced system along with Karandaaz Pakistan has developed a new system for processing instant payments, which will address payment system infrastructure-related issues.

Pakistan’s “First Instant Digital Payment System Raast” was launched by Prime Minister Imran Khan as a move to shift Pakistan’s economy from cash-based to digital-based economy.

The system introduced by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) along with Karandaaz Pakistan has developed a new system for processing instant payments, which will address payment system infrastructure-related issues.

Features of Raast Instant Payment system:

Fast- Provide the end-user a near real-time payment experience

Low cost- Operate on a cost-recovery mindset to provide low transaction cost to participants

Interoperable- Allow payments from and to any channel

Simple- Improve adoption and convenience through a Universal payment ID (example mobile numbers, CNIC for an alias may be used in lieu of complex account numbers)

Secure- Provide ample verification options to ensure the funds are safe and the system is also well protected and ensure secure data protection and authentication throughout the ecosystem

Highly accessible- Allow simpler and broader onboarding for payment entities such as banks, payment system operator and payment service providers, merchants, government entities via APIs and ensure system processes transactions 24/7 in real-time

Innovative- Allow participants to design new payment and financial services/products

It is pertinent to mention that the Raast Instant Payment System is an advanced retail payment system developed based on international standards such as ISO 20022 and other digital financial inclusion principles like the Level one Principles.

It will become the core component of Pakistan’s payment infrastructure and will allow every individual to send and receive the payments instantly in a safe, secure manner.

Prime Minister Imran Khan is Tuesday presiding over the federal cabinet meeting being held at the Prime Minister’s Office to discuss the country’s economic and political situation. The cabinet is discussing a 15-point agenda.

According to sources, a draft bill related to the Auditor General’s Office will be presented for approval in the Cabinet meeting. The appointment of the Director General of the Legal Aid and Justice Authority is also on the cards.

Approval will also be given to declare FIA Commercial Banking Circle Lahore as a police station and to hold elections of National Council for Medicine as well as appointment of an administrator.

The cabinet meeting will also award additional charge of DG Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan and grant permission to build a multi-storey building on railway land in Nowshera.

Sources said that the decisions of the Cabinet Committee on Reforms, the Cabinet Committee on Privatization and the ECC will be ratified during today’s meeting.

The cabinet will also approve the supply of extra wheat to the utility stores of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Kashmir governments. Besides, a budget of more than Rs 400 million would be approved for setting up accountability courts in the country.

Special Assistant to the Chief Minister of Punjab on Information, Dr. Firdous Ashiq Awan has urged on Tuesdays the people to play their role in making the children responsible citizens of Pakistan.

Moreover, the special assistant stated that a ban has been imposed on taking labor from the children below the age of 15 years in Punjab.

She said that the beggars will receive a prompt response from the government.

WhatsApp responds to rumours and common questions regarding new rules WhatsApp vows that it will never weaken end-to-end encryption WhatsApp says group chats remain private

After coming under intense scrutiny from users across the world, WhatsApp on Tuesday issued a clarification regarding its new terms and conditions with the service saying that the new policy will not affect user’s private communication with “friends or family”.

“Today we’re answering some common questions we’ve received [regarding] WhatsApp,” announced Head of WhatsApp at Facebook Will Cathcart on Twitter. He shared a link to WhatsApp page on their website answering those questions as well.

The head of the service clarified that the new policy gives clarity to users regarding “business communication” and brings “transparency”.

The head of the service clarified that the new policy gives clarity to users regarding “business communication” and brings “transparency”.

“It does not impact how people communicate privately with friends or family,” said Cathcart.
WhatsApp vows not to weaken end-to-end encryption

Separately, WhatsApp said that whatever users share with their friends, family, and co-workers on WhatsApp stays between them.

“We can’t see your private messages or hear your calls, and neither can Facebook,” said WhatsApp

The Facebook owned company vowed that it will “never weaken” end-to-end encryption. It added that it “clearly labels each chat” so people can know their “commitment”.
No logs

The messaging service also clarified that it does not keep “logs” of the messages and calls of users.

The company said that traditional mobile carriers store this information but they do not do so as it would be a “privacy and security risk” if they keep the record of two billion users.

WhatsApp also clarified that it cannot see their users location and neither can its parent company Facebook.

Read more: WhatsApp updates its terms and services for users across the world

“When you share your location with someone on WhatsApp, your location is protected by end-to-end encryption, which means no one can see your location except the people you share it with,” clarified the company.

On the same subject regarding Facebook, the company also assured users that it does not share their contacts with Facebook. It stated that the phone numbers are taken from a user’s address book to “make messaging fast and reliable”.
Groups remain private

The Facebook-owned company which has been under fire for accessing group chats said that those chats remain private.

The company said that they “use group membership to deliver messages” and to protect the service from “spam and abuse”.

“We don’t share this data with Facebook for ads purposes. Again, these private chats are end-to-end encrypted so we can’t see their content,” said WhatsApp.

Read more: What does the new WhatsApp privacy policy update mean for users?

The company told users that they can set their messages to disappear “for additional privacy”.

The company also stated that users can also download their data and see what information the company has of their account.
How rules affect WhatsApp for business

The company said that millions of users rely on WhatsApp to “communicate securely with businesses of all sizes”, adding that it wants to make it easier and better for users to message with businesses.

The company added that it was providing Facebook hosting services as some large businesses “need” to use the option to “manage their communication”.

But it again clarified that WhatsApp cannot see what a user is saying or that Facebook may “use that information for its own marketing purposes”.

“To make sure you’re informed, we clearly label conversations with businesses that are choosing to use hosting services from Facebook,” said the company.

Read more: Here are two alternatives to WhatsApp if you’re concerned about privacy

“Facebook branded commerce features like Shops, some businesses will display their goods right within WhatsApp so people can see what’s available to buy,” clarified the statement.

It added that if this option is utlised then it will be used to “personalise” a shopping experience.

The company also stated that users that may see an ad on Facebook with a button to message a business using WhatsApp.

“Facebook may use the way you interact with these ads to personalize the ads you see on Facebook,” said the company.
WhatsApp under fire

Earlier this year the company announced a change in its terms and conditions after which it came under fire.

The change in policy has sent shockwaves among the users who have questioned the logic behind data sharing with Facebook and are encouraging others to install Signal and Telegram apps which have seen a sudden increase in demand.

We want to address some rumors and be 100% clear we continue to protect your private messages with end-to-end encryption.

Our privacy policy update does not affect the privacy of your messages with friends or family. Learn more about how we protect your privacy as well as what we do NOT share with Facebook here:

(NITB) National Information Technology Board has warned WhatsApp users of a new hack doing around on the Instant messaging app.

“A malicious video named Argentina is circulating on WhatsApp that shows COVID-19 curve is flattening in Argentina,” the board warned in a tweet. “Do not open the link as it hacks your phone in 10 seconds and it cannot be stopped in anyway.”

Ubiquiti recently became aware of unauthorized access to certain of our information technology systems hosted by a third party cloud provider. They have no indication that there has been unauthorized activity with respect to any user’s account.

They are not currently aware of evidence of access to any databases that host user data, but they cannot be certain that user data has not been exposed. This data may include your name, email address, and the one-way encrypted password to your account (in technical terms, the passwords are hashed and salted). The data may also include your address and phone number if you have provided that to Ubiquiti.

As a precaution, we encourage you to change your password. We recommend that you also change your password on any website where you use the same user ID or password. Finally, we recommend that you enable two-factor authentication on your Ubiquiti/ or other accounts if you have not already done so.

They also apologize for, and deeply regret, any inconvenience this may cause you. We take the security of your information very seriously and appreciate your continued trust.