Posts made by cyberian

Please anyone can share the Metaverse book in urdu?

@cyberian said in Mobile Phones PTA Tax Calculator Pakistan – Tax & Duties:

how to check pta tax

You can check PTA tax of any mobile just registration of FBR website to get latest Tax rates.

PLease answer these questions!
how to check pta tax
pta tax calculator
pta mobile tax list
pta tax on iphone
pta mobile tax list 2022
pta tax news
pta tax calculator 2022
pta mobile tax calculator

@komal-razzaq said in Mobile Phones PTA Tax Calculator Pakistan – Tax & Duties:

Is PTA tax removed in Pakistan?

No! In response, the PTA said to contact the FBR. The PTA’s explanation makes it clear that the rumours about the abolition of mobile phone taxes are false.

All theses question will cover this topic and we will try to answer all these questions.

how to check pta tax
pta tax calculator
pta mobile tax list
pta tax on iphone
pta mobile tax list 2022
pta tax news
pta tax calculator 2022
pta mobile tax calculator

How much is mobile tax in Pakistan PTA?

How do I check my PTA tax?

How is PTA tax calculated in Pakistan?

Are you unsure which artificial intelligence content writing tool will suit your business needs best?
Do you need a tool that can analyze your company’s existing content, understand your target audience, and learn from past performance to generate more effective content? If so, read on. AI Content writing tools are a growing segment of the artificial intelligence industry. They are specifically designed to make writing easier for humans by automating much of the process. These automated tools can save time and effort when it comes to creating engaging content for marketing purposes. Different AI Content writing tools have their own unique features and functions, with some more suited for specific tasks than others. Take a look at this breakdown of some of the leading AI Content writing tools available today:

What is AI Content Marketing?
AI content marketing is the use of artificial intelligence to create engaging, targeted content for marketing purposes. Often, AI content writing tools are used in conjunction with SEO and machine learning to create unique, high-quality content with minimal human effort. AI content is targeted towards specific audience groups rather than a general audience. It is written with a specific purpose in mind, such as driving traffic to a website, encouraging sales, or encouraging leads.

Market Research, SEO and Machine Learning AI Content Writing Tools
When it comes to building out a content marketing strategy, one of the first steps is conducting detailed research. AI content writing tools can be very useful in this area. They can perform advanced keyword research to help you determine which keywords will give you the best return on your investment. They can also help you determine how difficult it will be to rank for certain keywords. With certain AI tools, you can get an overview of your website’s current SEO metrics, including things like backlink analysis, keyword analysis, and site structure. With other tools, you can even create a detailed SEO strategy based on your content marketing goals. Machine learning is at the core of many content generation AI writing tools. It enables these programs to create content that is more likely to resonate with your audience. These tools can be trained to understand the way that your readers think. They can also be trained to understand the way that your customers think. They can even be trained to understand the way that your competitors think. After the AI tools are trained, they can create content that meets your readers’ needs and helps you achieve your goals.

Smart Content Marketing Platforms
There are a variety of content marketing platforms that use AI to write content. These tools are designed to help you create engaging content quickly and easily. If you are looking for a comprehensive AI solution for your content marketing needs, these platforms may be the best option for you. They can produce a wide range of content, including blog posts, landing pages, product descriptions, email marketing campaigns, and webinars. Some of the best content marketing platforms use AI algorithms to create unique and engaging content. They can also use machine learning to help you create content that is more likely to resonate with your audience. These platforms make it easy for you to create custom content for your website. You can easily create targeted content on a wide range of topics, including content for specific audiences. These tools can also help you find and create relevant images, videos, and podcasts.

Automated PR Writing Software
If your company is in dire need of high-quality content, you may want to consider PR writing software. PR writing software is designed to create articles and other content for PR campaigns. PR writing software can be a quick and easy solution for companies that need to create a lot of content quickly. Some PR writing tools even offer an AI option to create content that is highly relevant to your audience. If your goal is to create highly engaging content, PR writing software may not be the best option. PR writing software may, however, be a good choice if you need to create a lot of content quickly and with minimal human oversight. PR writing software also offers several options for uploading your content to specific platforms, including social media, online publications, and news services.

Software List:

1. Writesonic

• Free version up to full unlimited price plans.
• Paid version reasonably priced.
• 24 languages.

2. Copy.ai

• Free plan and paid unlimited.
• Paid plans very cheap.
• 25 languages.

3. Frase

• Paid only.
• Cheap plans, but the credits are expensive.

4. AI Writer

• Free trial and paid plans.
• Flagged in plagiarism checks.

5. Hyperwrite

• Free.
• Chrome extension.

6. INK

• Free version and full paid plans.
• Chrome extension.

7. Rytr

• Free plan to unlimited plan.
• Cheap price plans.
• 30 languages.

8. Snazzy (Now Smart Copy By Unbounce)

• Free plan to paid unlimited version.

9. Long Shot

• Free version up to unlimited version.
• Eight Languages.

10. Jasper

• Paid plans only.
• 25 languages.

Summing up
Artificial intelligence content writing tools can make the process of creating engaging content much easier. They can perform market research, create SEO content, and use machine learning to create relevant content for your audience. Some AI content writing tools even offer an automated PR writing function. These tools can save time and effort, allowing you to create high-quality content quickly.

We want you to avoid tutorial hell and jump into building projects from day one. If you don’t know something as you move along, do a quick google search or ask in our discord channel.

Avoid getting stuck and going down rabbit holes. One of your goals should be to get a high level understanding of how all the moving pieces of developing on the blockchain come together. On your second go, you can go more in depth or come up with your own projects.

Our main goal is to get to done. If you’re stuck, you have our permission to copy and paste the sample code just so that you can move on to the next lesson and get to done.

A Note on Security 🚨

There are numerous sophisticated attempts to hack, phish and steal crypto currencies since there is no central authority to over see the blockchain and you cannot undo any transaction.

Double check all urls, even the urls you click through searching on Google to make sure they are accurate. Never share your seed and private keys with anyone and make sure to back them up in multiple secure places.

A good rule of thumb is not to trust anyone in the MetaVerse, impersonation is a common mechanism for theft. Always triple check links and wallets you send digital assets to and do not store any credentials in your main code base that is pushed to GitHub. We will be using dotenv to store our credentials locally only.

Prerequisites

Wallets

To get started you will need a wallet. Your wallet will act as your login to access the Ethereum network. Your public key is like your username and your private key is like your password.

We recommend using MetaMask. Please store your seed and private keys in a secure place. Create a test account just for this project. We will be using the Rinkeby Test Network, which is a test-network that mimics the the functionality of the real network. This allows us to use Fake Ether as well.

Click on the fox icon in your browser, then click Ethereum Mainnet located at the top center, then in the drop down menu click Rinkeby Test Network. (If you dont find Rinkeby Test Network in the dropdown menu, go to settings => advanced => then switch on the ‘show test networks’ button. Hopefully the Rinkeby Test Network will showup along with other test networks).

Next you will need send your self some fake Ether via what’s known as a faucet. Here are a list of faucets, again double check these as sometimes the faucets are out of fake ether.

RBF: https://www.rinkebyfaucet.com/
MyCrypto: https://app.mycrypto.com/faucet
Rinkeby: https://faucet.rinkeby.io
MetaMask: https://faucet.metamask.io
Chainlink: https://faucets.chain.link/rinkeby
You can ask us in the discord if you run out of fake Ether.

Solidity

Smart contracts are programmed in Solidity. Solidity is fairly easy to pick up, if you don’t know it, you will pick it up as we move along. It’s concepts from C++, Python and JavaScript so it should be familiar enough.

Here’s a cheat sheet to speed up your learning:

• A high level overview of the Solidity language: https://solidity-by-example.org/
• CryptoZombies is another amazing resource to pick up Solidity as well: https://cryptozombies.io

JavaScript

You’ll need to have an intermediate understanding of JavaScript or another programming language to get through this tutorial. If you are new to coding, we recommend learning a coding language like JavaScript or Python first. We will be using some Javascript libraries like Ethers.js to interact with our smart contract.

Code Editor

You can use your favorite code editor but download the package that allows for Solidity syntax highlighting. For some lessons we will use Remix, an online development environment for smart contracts (remix.ethereum.org/).

➡️ Action Item Share with us your public address in the #general discord and let us know what you’re hoping to build after you finish your course.

How this course works?

In this course you will learn how to build dapps, smart contracts, and deploy them to the Ethereum Blockchain. This course can be completed over a weekend and includes 3 projects that you can add to your portfolio. In order to qualify for an NFT Certificate you need to submit one of these 3 projects for review. Upon review, you will then recieve an NFT Certificate that can be added to your Linkedin or Resume.

🔑 Coding experience is required, the key is to push through the lessons to learn the big picture concepts and you will pick up languages like Solidity as you build.

For our course we will be using the Ethereum blockchain. You might have heard of Ethereum and it’s core currency Ether. Ethereum was created by Vitalik Buterin and takes the concept of blockchains one step further.

In addition to having a native currency, Ethereum is actually a distributed computer that you can execute code on in the form of Smart Contracts. So now we have a blockchain that is a database, a network, and a computer.

In addition to creating smart contracts, Ethereum has facilitated the creation of new coins that use the network and NFT’s. To create a currency on top of Ethereum, you follow the ERC20 token standard and to create an NFT you follow the ERC-721 standard. Recently there’s been introduced the ERC-1155 that let’s you save on gas by using one contract for multiple tokens.

What makes this blockchain unique is that it is a network, a database, and a computer. Every action executed on the Ethereum blockchain requires a fee to be paid known as gas. The fees used to be fairly cheap but as of this writing it can cost up to $100 to send 10 dollars.

This has led to the creation of other blockchains like Solana, which offers lower fees and faster transaction times. We will be using Ethereum to start with since it is the most used blockchain and has a large developer community but stay tuned for our Solana tutorials.

➡️ Action Item Go to Etherscan and view the real time transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. Share with us anything you noticed or learned in the Discord. Etherscan is a blockchain explorer that comes in handy for debugging.

Credit: LearnThings

NFTs(Non-fungible Token) have taken the world by storm, hitting $25 billion dollar sales in 2021. So what is an NFT and problems do they solve?

Before we explore these questions we need to look at the double spend problem. Prior to Bitcoin’s blockchain it was challenging to figure out how to prevent someone from copying and pasting a digital dollar or any digital asset like an MP3 or a digital piece of art work. If you were to buy a digital piece of art work, there was no straight forward to identify that the art work is a one of one collection that you are the sole owner of us.

Credit: BitPanda

The blockchain solved this problem by verfiying every transaction and making transactions irrerversable and immutable but it still didn’t solve the “fungible” aspect of digital ownership. Meaning while you can own Bitcoin, the qualities and properties of your Bitcoin are the same as every other person’s Bitcoin. We’ll come back to how this was solved on Ethereum but first we need to talk about ERC-20 tokens.

The Ethereum blockchain allowed for smart contracts (think of this as a contract written in code) which then gave rise for the ability for anyone to launch their own cryptocurrency on top of the Ethereum blockchain via the ERC-20 Token standard. Introduced in 2015 the ERC-20 standard provided a set of standardize rules for how tokens should be created on top of Ethereum but these tokens were still fungible, meaning noting distuginish my Dogecoin from yours.

Meet the ERC-721 standard which launched in 2017. This standard allowed for the creating of “none-fungible” tokens, meaning there can only be a one of a kind version of a token with a unique set of properties and attributes. Let’s take for instance we’re creating an NFT of a video game character. This characters metadata can include the url to where the JPEG file is stored of the character, the name of the character, any special attributes and properties like how many lives does this character have, can this character only use certain items in the game, etc. Cryptokittens was one of the early projects to adopt the standard for their virtual cats.

Its a common misconception that NFTs can only be JPEGs, they can be any digital file you attach to them and even be paired with real world objects. In fact the NFT standard just holds the meta data which properties, and attributes of a collection on the blockchain or “on chain”. So what you commonly here is an “NFT” is really just an item’s metadata stored on the blockchain following the ERC-721 standard that ensures the item is unique. This metadata can have different combinations that can be used to generate new characters on the fly to form an entire collection.

Many of these JPEGs are stored on third party decentralized file services like Arweave, Threefold, IPFS via gateways like Pinata, and even centralized services like Amazon Web Services (AWS) . We will get into the storage aspects of NFTs in the upcoming lessons. The best way to understand ERC is diving into the code. Let’s look at a sample of an ERC-721 token smart contract using the OpenZepplin library that is used to create unique items for video game players .

Note: This lesson also presupposes you’ve completed the Ethereum 101 Course or know the basics of smart contracts, working with Ethers.js, and know another coding language like JavaScript. This example is a high level overview of the ERC-721 smart contract, in future lessons we will go more in depth.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721Full.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/drafts/Counters.sol";

contract GameItem is ERC721Full {

    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;

    constructor() ERC721Full("GameItem", "ITM") public {}

    function awardItem(address player, string memory tokenURI) public returns (uint256) {
        _tokenIds.increment();

        uint256 newItemId = _tokenIds.current();
        _mint(player, newItemId);
        _setTokenURI(newItemId, tokenURI);

        return newItemId;
    }
}

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721Full.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/drafts/Counters.sol";

Here we’re defining the version of solidity we’re using. Then we’re importing in OpenZeppelin’s implemnetation of the ERC-721 standard which comes with some hand functions like checking who the owner of an NFT is and minting the NFTs.

contract GameItem is ERC721Full {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;

    constructor() ERC721Full("GameItem", "ITM") public {}

    function awardItem(address player, string memory tokenURI) public returns (uint256) {
        _tokenIds.increment();

        uint256 newItemId = _tokenIds.current();
        _mint(player, newItemId);
        _setTokenURI(newItemId, tokenURI);

        return newItemId;
    }
}

On line 1, we name our contract GameItem and inhert the ERC721 library from OpenZepplin. On line 2 we’re inheritng all the methods from the Counter library and line 3 we’re inherting Counter which is of type of struct and has a default value of 0 that is of type uint. This can seem confusing but to clear things up take a look at this line from the Counters contract. We’re then storing 0 in a private varible called “_tokenIds”, as you can tell from the underscore at the start of this variable, it will be used as a function paramter.

On line 5, we’re giving our token the name “GameItem” with the symbol “ITM”. On line 7 we’re using the awardItem() function that takes in the wallet address of the player, and a tokenURI. Think of a tokenURI as a unique identifier for our NFT meta data that we can reference to check and includes things like a link to our JPEG file, typically this is a JSON file. On line 8 our tokenIds are incremented and online 10 assigned to the variable newItemID.

We then call the mint function online 11 to actually create the NFT and assign it to the player. This costs gas and is the actual point where the NFT is created. We then assign the tokenURI to the item ID with setTokenURI to ensure that our that item is one of a kind and finally we return the new item.

Lets look at what happens when we call this contract:

> gameItem.awardItem(playerAddress, "https://game.example/item-id-8u5h2m.json")
Transaction successful. Transaction hash: 0x...
Events emitted:
 - Transfer(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, playerAddress, 7)

The player gets an NFT with an ID of 7 that includes the meta data from the JSON file (https://game.example/item-id-8u5h2m.json). We can prove this by running the ownerOf function that comes with our OpenZepplin contracts:

> gameItem.ownerOf(7)
playerAddress
> gameItem.tokenURI(7)
"https://game.example/item-id-8u5h2m.json"

Let’s look at the meta data of what actually is in the json file:

{
    "name": "Thor's hammer",
    "description": "Mjölnir, the legendary hammer of the Norse god of thunder.",
    "image": "https://game.example/item-id-8u5h2m.png",
    "strength": 20
}

So is an NFT just meta data in a JSON file with a unique ID that gets verified on chain that some how is valued in hundreds of thousands dollars

BMI ≥ 40, or more than 100 pounds overweight.
BMI ≥ 35 and at least one or more obesity-related co-morbidities such as type II diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, sleep apnea and other respiratory disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, lipid abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, or heart disease.
Inability to achieve a healthy weight loss sustained for a period of time with prior weight loss efforts.
For example, an adult who is 5’11" tall and weighs 290 lbs would have a BMI over 40. Calculate your BMI.

The NIH, as well as the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) also recommend that surgery be performed by a board certified surgeon with specialized experience/training in bariatric and metabolic surgery, and at a center that has a multidisciplinary team of experts for follow-up care. This may include a nutritionist, an exercise physiologist or specialist, and a mental health professional. In addition, some insurance companies require that the surgery be performed at a facility that meets the ASMBS-approved quality standards (MBSAQIP). Facilities which meet high standards or quality, like those outlined in MBSAQIP, are preferable choices for patients.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (adult-onset diabetes) are closely related conditions, both linked to problems with the body’s metabolism. The same changes that lead to weight loss after surgery can also lead to the remission of type 2 diabetes. Most importantly, patients with this disease should know that the body’s ability to use sugar in a healthy way can be regained with surgery.

Here are a few other facts about type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is one of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States.
Living with diabetes puts a person at a higher risk for heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and blindness.
About 10 percent of Pakistani live with type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by overweight and obesity about 90 percent of the time.
One out of every thousands spent on health care is spent on diabetes care.
Diabetes surgery is the most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes and may result in remission (being able to stop taking all medications) or improvement in nearly all cases.
For patients with type 2 diabetes and even milder degrees of obesity, bariatric surgery should be recommended. It is the single most effective way to resolve the condition and stop the need for medication.
Diabetes surgery is very safe with complication rates as low as common procedures such as knee replacement and gallbladder surgery

Type 2 diabetes and your health

Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin, the hormone that controls the blood sugar levels. There are 32.6 million people in the United States living with type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, this disease can lead to many serious health problems including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, kidney failure, blindness, skin wounds, nerve damage (neuropathy), erectile dysfunction, and cognitive decline among many others. Type 2 diabetes can contribute to premature death or a decreases in the number of years a person is expected to live. Obesity is one of the largest contributors to developing type 2 diabetes.

Initially, treatment of type 2 diabetes may focus on lifestyle changes such as weight-loss, exercise, dietary changes, and anti-diabetic medications. The goal is to stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent further damage to the body through blood sugar control. In many individuals, type 2 diabetes often worsens with time and requires higher doses and more types of medication to keep blood sugar levels under control. Type 2 diabetes tends to be a progressive disease (it gets worse over time) and most people require treatment for the rest of their life.

If you are living with diabetes, you should know that one of the most important discoveries in the management of diabetes is that surgery can help control or improve type 2 diabetes in the large majority of patients.

Surgery to treat type 2 diabetes

Nearly all individuals who have surgery to treat diabetes (also called metabolic/bariatric surgery) show improvement in their diabetes, sometimes as quickly as a few days after surgery. They experience lower blood sugar levels, need less diabetes medications, and see an improvement in diabetes-related health problems. Overall, 78 percent of patients experience remission thus eliminating the need for diabetes medications.

Diabetes surgery performed today has been highly refined over the course of the past 70 years and is among the best studied therapies in modern medicine. These operations result in less food intake and decreased calories absorbed. Most importantly, however, these operations result in changes to the metabolism that affect intestinal hormones that regulate blood sugar control, often before the patient loses any weight. In addition, these procedures reduce hunger, increase the sense of fullness after meals, and assist the body’s ability to achieve a healthy weight. Diabetes surgery has been proven to be the most effective therapy for diabetes but also greatly improves obesity and other associated conditions.

Who is a Candidate for Diabetes Surgery?

A great deal of scientific evidence supports the use of diabetes surgery in patients with BMI of 30 and greater. If you have type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 30 and above, you may qualify for diabetes treatment through surgery. The decision to pursue surgery is made on an individual basis and you can work with your doctors to determine if surgery is a good choice to treat your diabetes.

Want to know more? Read Who is a Candidate for Surgery?

Types of Surgery for Diabetes

The following are the most commonly utilized and approved operations performed in the United States and their known impact on type 2 diabetes. View detailed descriptions of common bariatric surgery procedures.

ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS (GASTRIC BYPASS):
The gastric bypass has now been performed for over 50 years. This operation alters the gastrointestinal (GI) tract allowing food to avoid (bypass) most of the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine. The operation results in significant weight loss, remission of type 2 diabetes in nearly 80 percent of patients, and improvement of diabetes in an additional 15 percent.

Improvement of diabetes after gastric bypass surgery occurs within days to weeks after surgery, even before much weight is lost. Most importantly, this surgery results in changes to the metabolism and hormones produced in the intestines that affect the body’s ability to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.

SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY (SLEEVE):
The sleeve is an operation that removes a portion of the stomach. The remaining stomach is narrow and provides a much smaller reservoir for food. The procedure also changes the metabolism and hormones produced by the intestines. These metabolic and hormonal changes result in an improvement in diabetes. Over 60 percent of patients will have remission of their type 2 diabetes after sleeve gastrectomy.

BILIOPANCREATIC DIVERSION WITH DUODENAL SWITCH (DUODENAL SWITCH):
The Duodenal Switch is a malabsorptive procedure performed far less frequently than the gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or the adjustable gastric band due to the complexity of the procedure and the greater risk of complications. Studies find, however, that the operation is most effective in inducing early and sustained remission or improvement of T2DM (more than 85 percent remission rates with weight-loss independent effects)

SINGLE ANASTOMOSIS DUODENO-ILEAL BYPASS WITH SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY (SADI-S):
The SADI-S is the latest procedure to be endorsed by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. This procedure makes the stomach into a tube just as with the sleeve gastrectomy. The small intestine just below the sleeve is then cut and reconnected to a loop of intestine further down-stream. Results for this operation are extremely promising, demonstrating excellent weight loss and type 2 diabetes remission.

Benefits vs. Risks

Type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of premature death in the United States and is a major contributor to many significant medical conditions including heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. Each year millions of individuals around the world die from the crippling organ damage that occurs with type 2 diabetes. With the advancements in surgery, many lives can be saved and quality of life can be improved. While diabetes surgery has some risk, these operations have been fine-tuned over the past 70 years and are now among the safest commonly performed operations. The long-term risk of continued diabetes (as well as the risks of obesity) is far greater than the risk of a surgical procedure for most patients. Your surgeon will review the options and work with you to determine if diabetes surgery is right for you.

n order to facilitate Pakistani students for getting study visa for Canada, Pakistan was included in the Canada’s Student Direct Stream (SDS) Program in 2019. However, problems have been faced by the Pakistani students in the past in getting study visas. To overcome the issues, Canadian Authorities via Ministry of Foreign Affairs letter dated March 04, 2022 (copy attached) have proposed to raise awareness among students aspiring to study in Canada to apply for visa using SDS program.

Accordingly, I am directed to request all HEIs across Pakistan and the stakeholders to kindly facilitate in disseminating the same and raise awareness among prospective students about Canada’s SDS program.

For more information please visit the following
website:

Metaverse is a decentralized platform that enables users to create custom avatars and interact with others in a virtual world. This article introduced Metaverse and explained how it works. For more information, visit Metavillay.com.