Total Marks 5 Starting Date Wednesday, July 31, 2019 Closing Date Monday, August 05, 2019 Status Open Question Title Pakistan’s Energy Crisis Question Description Spring 2019 Crisis Management MGMT-729 Graded Discussion Board (GDB) No. 2 Due Date: August 05, 2019 Topic: Pakistan’s Energy Crisis The objective of the activity: To familiarize the students with the energy crises and its impact on a country’s wellbeing Learning Outcome: After attempting this GDB, students will be able to analyze and understand the causes and effects of energy crises in Pakistan The Premise: Energy is considered as a life-line for any economy and the most vibrant source for a country’s microeconomic development. Energy plays a pivotal role in running the industries, moving the vehicles and lighting up the cities. Pakistan is geographically and strategically one of the most important countries in the region. She has all the potential to be an economic hub but faced with acute energy crisis for the last four decades. Pakistan produces almost 81% of the electricity through oil and gas costing around 9.2 billion Dollars. With a predicted decrease in the gas reserves and the ever-fluctuating oil prices in the International market makes, it is a tough task for the governments to tackle. Pakistan is facing severe energy shortfall as we produce less than what is actually required. The electricity shortages range 5000-7000 Megawatts in peak season while the gas shortage is estimated to jump by 157% to 3.7 billion cubic feet per day in 2019-20. According to the World Bank’s analysis, the power sector in Pakistan suffers from inefficiencies which cost the economy around 18 billion Dollars per annum. The energy crisis situation needs to be tackled beforehand. We need to foresee the adversities we will face due to the energy crisis in the short and long run and plan accordingly to overcome it. Point of Discussion: In your opinion, what are the major causes which brought us to the brink of the energy crisis in Pakistan? Highlight at least four major causes. How the energy crisis has affected the life of a layman and business community? Important Instructions: To add supporting arguments, you can take help from reports, research papers, articles, books, and any other source but you MUST write them in your own words Your discussion MUST be specific to the domain of the crisis management course Avoid any political discussions You need to follow the words limits strictly i.e. 180 Words. Your answer should NOT exceed 180 words.

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UNSOLVED MGMT729 GDB2 Solution and discussion

MGMT729 - Crisis Management

zaasmi Cyberian's Gold last edited by

Total Marks 5
Starting Date Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Closing Date Monday, August 05, 2019
Status Open
Question Title Pakistan’s Energy Crisis
Question Description
Spring 2019

Crisis Management MGMT-729
Graded Discussion Board (GDB) No. 2
Due Date: August 05, 2019
Topic: Pakistan’s Energy Crisis

The objective of the activity:

To familiarize the students with the energy crises and its impact on a country’s wellbeing

Learning Outcome:

After attempting this GDB, students will be able to analyze and understand the causes and effects of energy crises in Pakistan

The Premise:

Energy is considered as a life-line for any economy and the most vibrant source for a country’s microeconomic development. Energy plays a pivotal role in running the industries, moving the vehicles and lighting up the cities.

Pakistan is geographically and strategically one of the most important countries in the region. She has all the potential to be an economic hub but faced with acute energy crisis for the last four decades. Pakistan produces almost 81% of the electricity through oil and gas costing around 9.2 billion Dollars. With a predicted decrease in the gas reserves and the ever-fluctuating oil prices in the International market makes, it is a tough task for the governments to tackle.

Pakistan is facing severe energy shortfall as we produce less than what is actually required. The electricity shortages range 5000-7000 Megawatts in peak season while the gas shortage is estimated to jump by 157% to 3.7 billion cubic feet per day in 2019-20. According to the World Bank’s analysis, the power sector in Pakistan suffers from inefficiencies which cost the economy around 18 billion Dollars per annum.

The energy crisis situation needs to be tackled beforehand. We need to foresee the adversities we will face due to the energy crisis in the short and long run and plan accordingly to overcome it.

Point of Discussion:

In your opinion, what are the major causes which brought us to the brink of the energy crisis in Pakistan? Highlight at least four major causes. How the energy crisis has affected the life of a layman and business community?

Important Instructions:

To add supporting arguments, you can take help from reports, research papers, articles, books, and any other source but you MUST write them in your own words
Your discussion MUST be specific to the domain of the crisis management course
Avoid any political discussions
You need to follow the words limits strictly i.e. 180 Words. Your answer should NOT exceed 180 words.
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@zareen said in EDU515 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion:

Write a detailed note on plate tectonics of the Earth. Use diagrams related to the question.

Plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of Earth’s outer shell—the lithosphere—that revolutionized Earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountain-building processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of Earth’s surface and reconstructing its past continents and oceans.

5cdb0b21-a367-46b3-8550-5df448fc498d-image.png
© MinuteEarth (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

The concept of plate tectonics was formulated in the 1960s. According to the theory, Earth has a rigid outer layer, known as the lithosphere, which is typically about 100 km (60 miles) thick and overlies a plastic (moldable, partially molten) layer called the asthenosphere. The lithosphere is broken up into seven very large continental- and ocean-sized plates, six or seven medium-sized regional plates, and several small ones. These plates move relative to each other, typically at rates of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) per year, and interact along their boundaries, where they converge, diverge, or slip past one another. Such interactions are thought to be responsible for most of Earth’s seismic and volcanic activity, although earthquakes and volcanoes can occur in plate interiors. Plate motions cause mountains to rise where plates push together, or converge, and continents to fracture and oceans to form where plates pull apart, or diverge. The continents are embedded in the plates and drift passively with them, which over millions of years results in significant changes in Earth’s geography.

The theory of plate tectonics is based on a broad synthesis of geologic and geophysical data. It is now almost universally accepted, and its adoption represents a true scientific revolution, analogous in its consequences to quantum mechanics in physics or the discovery of the genetic code in biology. Incorporating the much older idea of continental drift, as well as the concept of seafloor spreading, the theory of plate tectonics has provided an overarching framework in which to describe the past geography of continents and oceans, the processes controlling creation and destruction of landforms, and the evolution of Earth’s crust, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and climates. During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, it became apparent that plate-tectonic processes profoundly influence the composition of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, serve as a prime cause of long-term climate change, and make significant contributions to the chemical and physical environment in which life evolves.

For details on the specific effects of plate tectonics, see the articles earthquake and volcano. A detailed treatment of the various land and submarine relief features associated with plate motion is provided in the articles tectonic landform and ocean.

In essence, plate-tectonic theory is elegantly simple. Earth’s surface layer, 50 to 100 km (30 to 60 miles) thick, is rigid and is composed of a set of large and small plates. Together, these plates constitute the lithosphere, from the Greek lithos, meaning “rock.” The lithosphere rests on and slides over an underlying partially molten (and thus weaker but generally denser) layer of plastic partially molten rock known as the asthenosphere, from the Greek asthenos, meaning “weak.” Plate movement is possible because the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is a zone of detachment. As the lithospheric plates move across Earth’s surface, driven by forces as yet not fully understood, they interact along their boundaries, diverging, converging, or slipping past each other. While the interiors of the plates are presumed to remain essentially undeformed, plate boundaries are the sites of many of the principal processes that shape the terrestrial surface, including earthquakes, volcanism, and orogeny (that is, formation of mountain ranges).
A cross section of Earth’s outer layers, from the crust through the lower mantle.
A cross section of Earth’s outer layers, from the crust through the lower mantle.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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Typical, approximate, values for latency that you might experience include:
800ms for satellite
120ms for 3G cellular data
60ms for 4G cellular data which is often used for 4G WAN and internet connections
20ms for an mpls network such as BT IP Connect, when using Class of Service to prioritise traffic
10ms for a modern Carrier Ethernet network such as BT Ethernet Connect or BT Wholesale Ethernet in the UK
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Yes, the utilization of speech recognition is extremely useful during a social environment. speech recognition systems had found a broad range of use in computerized games and toys, control of various instruments, data collection, and dictation. The feature also proved to be of much help among those that couldn’t obtain keypads and among those with certain disabilities. utilized in evolving search engines; when using search engines there are often differences between how we type our inquiries and the way we verbalize an equivalent queries. The user may have trouble expressing a phrase or their intent thus might not acquire appropriate results. With the inclusion of speech recognition in search engines, the results of accuracies are going to be significantly increased. As speech recognition improves, there’ll be a big implication on how the general public views search engines generally. Use in commission delivery; customers and clients might not want to talk to a live operator. Therefore, they prefer to use speech recognition systems. This helps to form the method efficient and improves on time because it cuts on waiting time. This has its application in various airports in confirming the travel schedules of the aircraft.

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