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CS723 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion

CS723 - Probability and Stochastic Processes

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Academic Research Paper Instructions

As part of your course grading, you are required to submit an academic research paper during the semester. This exercise is meant to inculcate in you the research temperament and skills by carrying out a deep study of any research topic/area relevant to this course. You may choose any topic, of your interest, relevant to the course. Following are the details of academic research paper: requirements, deadlines and marks.

Academic Research Paper Requirements:
Following are the requirements for the academic research paper:
a) Paper Length
Your paper should not be less than 6 pages and not more than 12 pages.
b) Quality of Writing
The clarity and style of expression, the degree to which your paper obeys the rules to formal academic grammar, punctuation, spelling, formatting details like paragraph indentation and location of page breaks, are part of quality of writing. Write and edit your paper carefully for good organization, clear language with good spelling, punctuation, etc.
c) Format
Your academic research paper must have these sections: Abstract, Introduction, Related Work, Analysis and Conclusion. You must have to follow IEEE format strictly. The format is available in MS-WORD format (Click here to download). No academic research paper will be accepted without mentioned format.
d) References
You must have to study published research papers (minimum 10). The references of published research papers and books are allowed. Any unauthorized materials’ references will not be acceptable.

You can access Research Papers on your VULMS account using link [HEC Digital Library], Google Scholar and other online free research paper repositories.

Submission and Deadlines
Students are required to finalize and submit their academic research paper by July 24, 2020.

Academic research paper must contain implementation results of the proposed research idea. Similarly, in case of a review paper the “Discussion” section must contain student’s comments/conclusions and future research agenda regarding the domain being reviewed.

Presentation
Students will be required to give presentation (through Skype/TeamViewer/Recorded-presentation etc.) of their academic research paper, well before final-term examinations. The detailed schedule for the presentations will be communicated with the students later.

Team
Students can do this assignment in groups but in that case their academic research paper must be of high quality justifying the efforts of all the members in the group.

Warning: Write in your own words, do not copy-paste. Plagiarism is not acceptable. In case plagiarism is found, you will be awarded zero marks. No excuse will be accepted in this regard. For further understanding about plagiarism, please follow the links:
Little Book of Plagiarism
HEC Policy about plagiarism.

For further information and guidelines on writing a research paper, please follow the link:
Guidelines and Requirements for Writing a Research Paper

Date of presentation of the academic research paper shall be announced later.
Topic for Research Paper
Few topics are given below. However, students can select their own topic.
1. ```
Complex stochastic systems
```
2. ```
Harmonic analysis and applications
```
3. ```
Markov processes and applications
```
4. ```
Hidden Markov Models and applications
```
5. ```
Random dynamical systems
```
6. ```
Bayesian Learning and applications
```
7. ```
Studies on Dynamic and Probabilistic Systems
```
8. ```
Probabilistic models in Machine Learning
```
9. ```
Monte Carlo Methods and its applications
```
10. Stochastic modelling and its applications
  If you want to select any other topic of your choice related to this course then get approval first via course email [email protected] before starting work.
  In case of any confusion, send e-mail at course e-mail address.
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FIN725 GDB 2 Solution and Discussion
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@shakil-ahmad-anjum said in FIN725 GDB 2 Solution and Discussion:

please share material of fin725 for final term

past paper link already shared
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ENG511 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion
ENG511 - Psycholinguistics • eng511 assignment 2 solution discussion fall 2019 • • zareen

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SOLVED PSY403 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion
PSY403 - Social Psychology • psy403 assignment 1 solution discussion fall 2019 • • zareen

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SOLUTION:
This is a template as there is no particular solution for this assignment.
Demographics:
Answer: Par I
Name: Gender: Age: Education: Occupation: Marital Status:
Answer: Par II
As we know the fact that we all play different roles in our lives. For instance I’m playing the role of an instructor, daughter, sister, colleague and much more. But when I have to categorize myself according to my roles then I would like to prioritize me as a role of an instructor. The reason behind is my passionate working attitude. As far as my self-concept is concerned, I’m a very simple girl. I want to wear the simple and decent fabrics. Because this is my belief that simplicity is the best. I prefer to eat traditional foods. I’m a very hardworking and a dedicated girl. I always try at my best level to meet the targets. I’m also an adventurous girl and love to take risks in my life. As far as my ideal-self is concerned, I’d like to enhance my skills and knowledge. I’m fond of progress and want to become an associate professor within 5-years. As we know the fact; this world runs according to the principle of relevance.
Different people meet me and have different views about myself. For some one, I’m a very happy, hardworking and passionate person. While for others ones, I’m a rude girl. So, this is the life! When I was in my Master’s program, I had taken the viva on clinical psychology. I have still remembered the encouraging words of my external who appreciate my hard work. So that event really boosted the feelings of empowerment. I’m a very flexible person. This is one of my strengths which I like the most. Whichever the situation becomes; I can adjust with it. At an initial level, I show some resistance but after that, I develop adjustment with the new situation. Finally, students are required to discuss how self-concept develops and role of society in developing and improving it. These are few general tips for improving self-concept. Forgive yourself for past mistakes Focus on your positive attributes Exhibit a good attitude
SOLVED CS311 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion
CS311 - Introduction to Web Services Development • cs311 assignment 1 solution discussion spring 2020 • • zaasmi

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@zareen said in CS311 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion:

Q. Create an internal DTD and XML Document for the XML tree drawn below.
DTD (10 marks)
XML Document (10 marks)

Solution Idea
DTD:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE league [ <!ELEMENT league (franchise)> <!ATTLIST league name CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST league year CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT franchise (team+)> <!ATTLIST franchise name CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST franchise owner CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST franchise city CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT team (win,losses,coach,player+)> <!ELEMENT win (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT losses (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT coach (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT player (name,age,runs,matches)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT matches (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT runs (#PCDATA)> ]>
XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <league year="" name=""> <franchise owner="" name="" city=""> <team> <wins></wins> <losses></losses> <coach></coach> <player> <name></name> <age></age> <matches></matches> <runs></runs> </player> </team> </franchise> </league>
SOLVED PSY402 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion
PSY402 - Experimental Psychology • psy402 assignment 1 solution discussion fall 2019 • • zareen

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Question 1.
How human being experience sensation of pain, discuss with the help of Gate Control Theory.

Answer:
Sensation of pain:
The skin is prone to the four type of sensations include; pressure, touch, pain and temperature. These senses are essential for the survival of human beings. It has found in the researches that significant number of people everyday visits the physician or health care provider with the complaint of pain. It includes all types of pain like, migraine, heart pain, arthritis, and back pain etc. it has found that not the whole body has same pain receptors, these receptors are not distributed evenly throughout the body some areas like fingertips are more sensitive, rather others like center of the back is not.
The experience of pain is also studied in the context of salutations as well. It has found that the situation and social and cultural context of the pain also impacts on the experience of pain. The examples of differences in the perceptual differences in the pain due to social and cultural situations include; labor pain and in comparison, to this any other pain like back pain. The Gate Control Theory has also elaborated the role of situation, perception and other contexts in the experience of pain.
Gate control theory
The theory has stated that there are certain nerve receptors which leads to the certain areas of the brain, associated with pain. These receptors are activated in result of any injury or harm occurred and “gate” of the brain is opened in response to this. In this manner, we experience the sensation of pain. Additionally, theory also identifies another kind of neural receptors which, in result of stimulation, close the ‘gate’ of pain in the brain. It reduces the experience of pain. There are two ways of shutting the gate of pain in the brain. First way is that other impulses take over to the extend that brain get distracted and that certain pain sensation does not remain to the attention of the individual anymore and these gates are shutdown. The alternative stimulus can be non-painful like rubbing the skin around the pain, or it could be painful as well like scratching in the result of itching which gives relief from itching but scratching itself is categorized as a form of pain.
The second factor which is attributed as cause the gate of pain to be shutdown includes psychological factors. There are three psychological factors which impacts the pain or close the gate of pain receptors; current emotions, previous experiences, and interpretation of the event by the individual. During the experience of these three psychological factors, brain may close the gate of pain by sending the message to the injured area through spinal cord. It causes reduction or relief from the pain. The example of such situation includes; soldiers do not feel pain when they fighting for a major and big cause.

Question 2.
What are the cultural differences in the experience of pain? Logically discuss with reference to Eastern & Western culture.
Answer:
Cultural differences in pain
The gate-control theory explains the cultural difference as well in the experience of pain. The same psychological factors play the role in the cultural context as well. It has seen that many

culturally acceptable and especially sacred practices, involves pain but have high moral values behind it, minimize the pain of people. There are many examples in this regard in the various cultures like acupuncture prevails in the Chinese culture, in which micro size needles are poked in the body of individual to treat the biological issues, in the Muslim culture ‘hajama’ is another example. The theory explains that such experiences of pain which are associated with cultural rituals, close the gateway of pain due to three main psychological factors like the current emotions include pleasant feeling of doing something good, previous belief about this is having a good cause of doing the practice and it will benefit the individual, and interpretation of the current event is also positive.
Eastern culture
In the eastern culture there are many examples which show that people tend to adopt painful rituals and their pain experience minimizes due to the cultural context.
Ashura is an example found in the eastern culture in which people does self-flagellation. This experience does not bring pain to them to that extend it could have brought otherwise. Pakistani culture presents this example prevalent in the society. It can be witnessed in the Islamic month ‘Muharam’ (especially, 9th and 10th of this month).
Finger cutting as part of the mourning is another example of cultural experience of pain. It has found in the ‘Western New Guinea province of Indonesia’ a tribe named Dani has a unique way of mourning over the loss of their loved ones. As part of their culture, it is considered as customary to cut the women’s top half of the finger. It happened during the funeral ceremony or as a part of the ceremony.
Western culture
Western culture also has some rituals or cultural traditions which are painful but still those are being practiced as part of the cultural norm or ritual and experience of pain is not similar to the

pain otherwise. Bull fighting is one of the examples of experience of pain. In this game there are many chances of people to get injured and harmed but this pain is not considered as usual pain experience.
The second example of this kind is Spanish bull running festival. In this festival people are aware of the harm and danger involve in this game but in spite of this, millions of people take part of this game and every year many people get injured badly and some even loss their lives.
These examples have shown that gate control theory of pain describes the psychological factors and cultural aspects which close the gate of pain, in fact prevails globally. People tend to experience less or no pain in the cultural rituals as compare to the usual situations, and culture also plays an important role in changing the experience of pain.
CS707 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion
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CS723 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion

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