The lucknow Pact 1916
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Period:
The period from the Delhi Durbar in 1916 to the Nehru Report in 1928 aa seen aa one of Hondu-Muslim cooperation. The Lucknow Pact, the Kholafat Movement, the Delhi Muslim Proposals and the Simon Commision all came about this period.
Delhi Durbar 1911:
The King of England was the Emperor of India. He was a distant and awe inspiring figure. Only King George V who visited India, held a court at Delhi. Durbar being the Indian word for court, his presence was recalled as the Delhi Darbar.
Announcements:
By using the ceremonial occasion,King George V made two announcements which are as follows -
anullment of partition of Bengal
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shifting of capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
Partition of Bengal was called as a ’ settled issue’ by the British but within 6 years it was undo. It had so far been the only British decision that benefited the Muslims. Dhaka was chosen as the venue for the formation of All- India Muslim League ( AIML).
The announcement of shifting capital to old Muslim capital made no impression because it was considered as to be an empty gesture.
**No bonds, no boons:
British undo the partition if Bengal due to violence. This gave rise to slogan " No bombs, no booms. This led Muslims to majority policy consideration.
**Congress Muslim leaders:
Fortunately for Muslim Congress men, the independence of India was primary goal and communal safeguards were secondary. Most prominent of these leaders are as follows: -
Sir Wazir Hassan(1874-1947)
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Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad(1888-1958)
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Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar(1878-1948)
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah(1876-1948)
These leaders helped Sir Wazir khan, Honorary secretary of the Muslim League to change the party’s creed, transforming it from a loyalist to a revolutionary party.
**Self Governingof India:
Allegiance to the British Crown meant that like other dominions of British such as Canada and Australia, India would also be self governing. “Suitable to India”, the provision for self governing, meant that that joint freedom struggle would still be based on separate electorates. Not only Hindus but also some prominent leaders like Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaqat Ali Khan had spoken against separate electorats. These leaders were enable to create goodwill which enabled Hindu-Muslim cooperation to last from the Delhi Durbar in 1911 to Nehru Report in 1928. **
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