PSY610 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion

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SEMESTER FALL 2019 NEUROLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR (PSY610) ASSIGNMENT No. 01
Due Date: November 18, 2019 Marks: 20
Assignment Objectives:
Upon the successful completion of this assignment, students will be able to develop a better understanding of sub-specializations of neurosciences and the concept of natural selection. Question No. 01: (15)
Given below are the three scenarios related to sub-specializations of neuroscience. Your task is to read the scenarios carefully and identify which sub-field of neuroscience has been discussed. Moreover; you are also required to provide explanation. In this regard; you can use the table provided below:
Case Scenario No.01:
Alina is interested to know the effects of hypothalamus on the eating behaviors of rats. She comes to know that lateral hypothalamus plays a significant role in promoting the eating behaviors of rats after conducting an experiment. Alina belongs to which sub-specialization of neuroscience?
Case Scenario No.02:
Afifa is interested to know the influence of hormonal secretions on the behaviors of individuals. She studies that pituitary gland regulates growth, sexual maturation and reproduction of individuals. She also finds that this gland plays a significant role in stimulating melanocytes cells which control skin colors. Which sub-specialization of neuroscience has been discussed?

Case Scenario No.03:
Zobia is interested to know the effects of “Haldol” medicine on the client of schizophrenia. She studies that this medicine has certain side effects like diarrhea, vomiting, irregular menstrual cycles, skin rash, itching and etc. This drug reduces the positive symptoms of schizophrenia as well like hallucination. Which sub-specialization of neuroscience has been discussed?
Marking Scheme:
 2 marks for identification of sub-field of neurosciences.
 3 marks for explanation i.e., how is the chosen sub-field of neurosciences has been
discussed in the provided scenario.

Case Scenarios	Identification	Explanation
1
2
3

Question No. 02: (05)
What is your understanding about “Natural Selection”? Explain it with the help of an example.
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Q.1 SOLUTION:

Case Identification	Explanation	Scenarios
1	Neurobiology	Alina belongs to Neurobiology and developmental neurobiology (sub specialization of neurosciences); because Alina conducted some experiment to know about the hypothalamus and its activities. After conducting some experiments, she comes to know that hypothalamus plays a significant role in eating behavior of rats.
2	Neuroendocrinology	Afifa wants to know influences of hormonal secretions on behavior. She studied about all the hormonal changes of the body so according to the scenario it comes on Neuroendocrinology which is also subfield of neurosciences. In this field; we study about the human’s internal system, their work and also their effects on human behavior.
3	Neuro Pharmacology	This scenario belongs to medicine which cure the mental illness of the patient that is why this scenario will discuss on the Neuropharmacology, because pharmacology is the studies of medicines either medicines of physical illness or mental illness. It is obvious thing that every medicine has some side effects with their good effects. But people should take medicines for getting good result of some serious illness.

Q.2 SOLUTION:
Natural selection affects all living organisms, in keeping a species strong and fit for existence under the conditions in which it is living. Natural selection pressures can work only in the presence of genetic variability Adaptations made in one generation; if beneficial would be carried on to the next generation there is constant process of adaptation. If species do not adapt they do not survive (dogs which do not learn to watch for cars on the road, die which means the end of their genes). Primates developed extensions to help in survival/hunting (young chimps use hollow sticks for ants), as they could not compete with the stronger hunters and predators.

zareen

Q.1 SOLUTION:

Case Identification	Explanation	Scenarios
1	Neurobiology	Alina belongs to Neurobiology and developmental neurobiology (sub specialization of neurosciences); because Alina conducted some experiment to know about the hypothalamus and its activities. After conducting some experiments, she comes to know that hypothalamus plays a significant role in eating behavior of rats.
2	Neuroendocrinology	Afifa wants to know influences of hormonal secretions on behavior. She studied about all the hormonal changes of the body so according to the scenario it comes on Neuroendocrinology which is also subfield of neurosciences. In this field; we study about the human’s internal system, their work and also their effects on human behavior.
3	Neuro Pharmacology	This scenario belongs to medicine which cure the mental illness of the patient that is why this scenario will discuss on the Neuropharmacology, because pharmacology is the studies of medicines either medicines of physical illness or mental illness. It is obvious thing that every medicine has some side effects with their good effects. But people should take medicines for getting good result of some serious illness.

Q.2 SOLUTION:
Natural selection affects all living organisms, in keeping a species strong and fit for existence under the conditions in which it is living. Natural selection pressures can work only in the presence of genetic variability Adaptations made in one generation; if beneficial would be carried on to the next generation there is constant process of adaptation. If species do not adapt they do not survive (dogs which do not learn to watch for cars on the road, die which means the end of their genes). Primates developed extensions to help in survival/hunting (young chimps use hollow sticks for ants), as they could not compete with the stronger hunters and predators.